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1.
The concept of probability and probability density
Probability refers to the number of times electrons appear in a certain area outside the core
.
The probability is related to the volume of the area where the electrons appear, and is also related to the number of occurrences per unit volume of the area
Probability density refers to the probability of electrons appearing in a unit volume
.
Quantum mechanics calculations prove that the probability density is proportional to |Ψ| 2 , that is, |Ψ| 2 can be used to represent the probability density of electrons outside the nucleus
The relationship between probability w and probability density |Ψ| 2 and volume V is
w=|Ψ| 2 ×V
When the probability density in a certain spatial region is the same, the probability can be obtained by the product of the above formula
.
From the change graph of |Ψ| 2 -r (Figure 5-4), the probability density is often inconsistent in a certain spatial region
Figure 5-4 Schematic diagram of probability density |Ψ| 2 varying with r
2.
Electronic cloud map
In the spatial coordinate system with the atomic nucleus as the origin, the density of black dots is used to represent the probability density of electrons.
The resulting image is called an electron cloud image, as shown in Figure 5-5
.
Figure 5-5 Comparison of electronic cloud map and probability density distribution
In the electronic cloud map, the probability density of the area with dense black dots is high, and the probability density of the area with sparse black dots is small
.
The trend of the electronic cloud image and the probability density |Ψ| 2 varies with r is consistent
Related links: Magnetic quantum number m and spin quantum number m s in Schrodinger equation
