Renewable energy development ensures the safety of China's power system

Reliable power supply is an important support for modern civilization, and the importance of electricity to energy security is obvious
.
In order to ensure the safety of the power system, it is necessary to study the complete energy flow, including the development of primary energy, especially renewable energy, the conversion of secondary energy and the law of terminal energy consumption, and ensure the overall reliability
of the energy flow.

Pollution from human activities increases the ecological load
on nature.
As the most important activity of human beings, emissions from all links in the energy development and consumption chain seriously affect the margin of ecological balance
.
To this end, it is necessary to replace fossil energy with renewable energy on a large scale in primary energy, replace fossil energy with electric energy on a large scale in terminal energy, and give full play to the leading role
of electric energy in secondary energy.

Since renewable energy such as hydro, wind, and solar energy is difficult to directly transmit in the original form of energy, it must be converted into electrical energy before it can be used for most end loads, and energy can be shared in the region
.
Therefore, without a strong and reliable remote transmission network and an intelligent and flexible active distribution network, it is impossible to realize the large-scale replacement of fossil energy by electric energy in terminal energy, and it is impossible to achieve coordination and optimization
within and between various primary energy, secondary energy and terminal energy.

In addition, wind power and photovoltaic power generation have strong intermittency and randomness, not only can not be directly controlled, but also their prediction error greatly exceeds the load prediction error, especially the sudden change moment and degree of wind power are difficult to accurately predict
.
Imagine that when renewable energy generation is connected to the grid on a large scale, for example, accounting for 50% or more of the energy used for power generation, suddenly the wind and sunlight drop from large to very small in a few minutes, and the abundance of electricity will become a huge challenge
.
The dispatching problems of instantaneous standby and rotating standby of the power system will become more and more prominent with the increase of the proportion of renewable energy, and how to ensure the safety of secondary energy and terminal energy is an extremely serious challenge
.

To this end, major breakthroughs
are needed in many related areas.
This includes but is not limited to: various renewable energy generation technologies, remote transmission grid and active distribution network technology, wind power and photovoltaic power generation prediction technology at different time scales, energy storage technology, electric energy substitution technology, standby capacity and backup power allocation and dispatch technology, and information technology
integrated with the energy system.