The meaning and characteristics of Chinese medicine classification (2)

(4) Granules (General Rule 0104)

1.

2.

3.

(1) Soluble particles: All particles are soluble in water, and a certain amount of water can be added to make it into a liquid before use

(2) Suspended granules: refers to granules made by mixing fine drug powder and suitable auxiliary materials in granules, which can be dispersed into a suspension liquid by adding water or other suitable liquids and shaking before use

(3) Effervescent granules: refer to granules that contain sodium bicarbonate and organic acid , and can emit a large amount of gas in contact with water, which is effervescent

(5) Ophthalmic preparations (General Rule 0105)

1.

2.

3.

(6) Nasal preparations (General Rule 0106)

1.

2.

3.

(7) Suppositories (General Rule 0107)

1.

2.

3.

(8) Pills (General Rule 0108)

1.

2.
Features After oral administration, it dissolves slowly in the gastrointestinal tract, and gradually releases the drug.
The absorption is slow and the effect is long-lasting.
It can alleviate the toxicity and adverse reactions of some drugs; it can contain various forms of drugs.
The preparation of pills can contain solid, For semi-solid and viscous liquid drugs, coatings can also be used to conceal the unpleasant smell of the drugs
.
However, some pills have large dosages, and it is difficult for children to take them.
In addition, the raw materials of traditional Chinese medicine are mostly used as medicines.
The problem of microbes exceeding the standard has not been completely solved
.

3.
Classification According to the classification of excipients, it can be divided into honey pill, water pill, water pill, paste pill, wax pill, concentrated pill and drip pill
.

(1) Honey pill: refers to a pill made of fine powder of decoction pieces using condensed honey as a binder
.
Among them, the weight of each pill is more than 0.
5g (including 0.
5g) is called big honey pill, and the weight of each pill is less than 0.
5g is called Xiaomi pill
.

Features: It has a sweet taste due to the honey, and has a certain corrective effect; after oral administration, the honey pill slowly breaks in the gastrointestinal tract and dissolves slowly, which can delay the absorption of the drug and reduce the toxicity and irritation of toxic ingredients.
; The production process is simple and the cost is low
.
The disadvantage is that it contains a large amount of raw powder, honey and water, such as improper packaging and storage, it is easy to be contaminated by microorganisms, and it is easy to lose water and become hard
.

(2) Water honey pill: refers to a pill made of fine powder of decoction pieces using condensed honey and water as a binder
.

Features: The pellets are small, smooth and round, and easy to swallow
.
Using honey water as a binder, compared with honey pills, can reduce costs and facilitate storage
.

(3) Water pill: refers to the pill made of fine powder of decoction pieces with water (or yellow wine, vinegar, dilute concoction, sugar liquid, aqueous solution containing less than 5% of refined honey, etc.
) as a binder according to the preparation method
.

Features: Good compliance, good stability, small pellets, smooth surface, can spread bad smell drugs in the inner layer, easy to take, carry, transport, and store
.
The disadvantage is that the water pill has water to participate in the production and takes a long time, is prone to chemical reactions, and is susceptible to microbial contamination.
It is difficult to grasp the tightness of the water pill when it is made
.

(4) Paste pill: refers to a pill made of fine decoction pieces with rice paste or batter as a binder
.

Features: Rice paste and batter are used as adhesives, which are harder after drying, slow to dissolve in the stomach, and slow to release the drug, so the efficacy of the drug can be prolonged
.
At the same time, it can reduce the drug's irritation to the gastrointestinal tract, and it is suitable for pill preparation containing toxic or irritating drugs
.

(5) Wax pill: refers to a pill made of fine decoction pieces using beeswax as a binder
.
Beeswax is insoluble in water and releases drugs slowly in the body after being made into pills, which not only slows down the toxicity and irritation of the drugs, but also prolongs the efficacy
.
At present, there are not many types of wax pills, mainly because the rate of drug release cannot be controlled
.

(6) Concentrated pill: refers to a pill made of water, condensed honey or condensed honey and water as a binder after extraction and concentration of decoction pieces or part of decoction pieces, and appropriate auxiliary materials or other fine powder of decoction pieces
.
According to the different adhesives used, it is divided into concentrated water pill, concentrated honey pill and concentrated water honey pill
.

Features: It is small in size, easy to take and absorb, has good efficacy and is conducive to preservation, and it is not easy to be mildewed
.
However, when preparing concentrated pills, due to the longer heating time during the concentration process, some ingredients may be affected and the efficacy of the drug may be reduced
.
One of the more commonly used dosage forms in pills at present
.

(7) Drop pill: refers to a spherical or quasi-spherical preparation made from decoction pieces extracted and purified by a suitable method, heated and melted with a suitable matrix, and dropped into an immiscible, non-interacting condensing medium
.

Features: Rapid onset and high bioavailability
.
The drug loading is small, the corresponding drug content is low, and the dosage is relatively large
.
The dripping method can solidify the liquid medicine, which is convenient for taking, transporting and storing
.
After oxidizing and volatile drugs are dissolved in the matrix and made into dripping pills, their stability can be increased
.
However, there are fewer varieties of substrates and condensing media available for dripping pills, which limits the variety of dripping pills
.

Related links: The meaning and characteristics of Chinese medicine classification (1)