The role of RNA in human body

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a kind of substance with many functions in human body These important roles include catalyzing and initiating biological reactions, controlling gene expression, cell communication, and different types of protein synthesis RNA is as important as DNA and protein, and this molecule is also considered to be one of the three major molecules necessary to maintain life Although it is possible to form life without relying on these three molecules, it has not been found so far Although they are similar in structure and function, RNA and DNA are obviously different in three aspects First, RNA is a single strand, while DNA is a double helix; second, RNA contains ribose, not deoxyribose; third, the adenine Lake complementary base of RNA is uracil, not thymine In terms of function, RNA is more involved in transcription and translation, while DNA is more like a template containing gene information RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template molecule This process, called transcription, is initiated by a catalyst molecule called RNA polymerase In addition, RNA is used as a more powerful version of DNA, allowing genetic materials to indicate specific protein synthesis in the body The specific protein synthesis controls different body characteristics and forms each person's unique biological personality The genetic information contained in these molecules varies from person to person Although very similar, simple differences in RNA composition may change the role of RNA in the body by leading to different responses RNA is composed of nucleotides Adenine, guanine, uracil and cytosine are the four most common The unique sequence of these nucleotides in the molecule is the power behind genetic variation As mentioned earlier, DNA also has these nucleotides, but it replaces uracil with thymine There are also different forms of RNA present in the body The most common alternative forms of this molecule are messenger RNA (mRNA) and transport RNA (tRNA) The role of RNA in these forms is to carry copies of protein synthesis instructions from DNA and to transport amino acids to appropriate places during the molecular manufacturing process Although it is difficult to describe the broad role of this molecule in a short way, this paper outlines the basic role of RNA in the life world.