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The similarity between lithium and magnesium and the similarity between beryllium and aluminum

 Last Update: 2021-06-30
 Source: Internet
 Author: User

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Similarity between lithium and magnesium

Lithium and magnesium are in diagonal positions in the periodic table, and many properties of the elements and their compounds are similar
.

(1) Metals burn in the air to generate common oxides
.

4Li+O ₂ =2Li ₂ O

2Mg+O ₂ =2MgO

(2) The metal has a small radius, and the reaction product with N ₂ is more stable than the nitrides of other elements of the same family with a larger radius
.

6Li+N ₂ =2Li ₃ N

3Mg+N ₂ =Mg ₃ N ₂

(3) The solubility of the corresponding salt is similar
.

LiF and MgF ₂ , Li ₂ CO ₃ and MgCO ₃ , Li ₃ PO ₄ and Mg ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ are all poorly soluble salts
.

(4) Hydroxides have low solubility and are easily dehydrated to produce oxides when heated
.

2LiOH=Li ₂ O+H ₂ O

Mg(OH) ₂ =MgO+H ₂ O

While NaOH and KOH are heated to melt, but not dehydrated
.

(5) The thermal decomposition of nitrate produces metal oxides, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen
.

4LiNO ₃ =2Li ₂ O+4NO ₂ +O ₂

Mg(NO ₃ ) ₂ =2MgO+4NO ₂ +O ₂

(6) Strong ion polarization ability
.

Li ₂ O ₂ and MgO _{2 have} poor stability and are easy to decompose

Similarity between beryllium and aluminum

Aluminum and beryllium are in diagonal positions in the periodic table of the elements, and have similarities in certain properties
.

(1) Elemental aluminum and beryllium are both passivation metals, and when they react with cold concentrated nitric acid, a dense oxide film is formed on the surface of the metal
.

(2) Elemental aluminum and beryllium are both amphiphilic, and not only react with acid but also with alkali
.

(3) The halides of aluminum and beryllium are easily hydrolyzed when heated and dehydrated to form basic salts
.

(4) Both aluminum and beryllium hydroxides are hard to dissolve in water, and both are amphoteric, soluble not only in acid but also in alkali
.

The similarity of the properties of aluminum and beryllium is also related to the similarity of the ratio of charge to radius

Related link: Solubility of alkaline earth metal salts

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