The team of Professor Qirong Shen from Nanjing Agricultural University cracks the key to the mechanism of organic fertilizer

Traditional chemical fertilizers have high nutrients and quick results, which can promote a substantial increase in crop yields and solve the problem of food and clothing for human beings
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However, with the improvement of people's living standards, consumers have increasingly higher requirements for the quality of crops, and more and more people are not only satisfied with "something to eat", but also being able to "eat well"
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Traditional organic fertilizer can improve the quality of agricultural products, improve the taste, increase nutrition, and can effectively solve the problem of soil compaction caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizers, and significantly improve the soil microbial biomass, diversity and soil enzyme activity
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However, traditional organic fertilizer has a big peculiar smell, is difficult to store, and is difficult to mass produce and stack.
In production and life, a large amount of solid organic waste is often formed and discarded everywhere, wasting nutrient resources and polluting the environment
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Chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers each have their strengths and weaknesses.
How to use their strengths and avoid weaknesses, further improve the quality of agricultural products, and improve the soil environment? The research results of the team of Professor Shen Qirong of the Southern Agricultural University "Research and Promotion of the Mechanism of Organic Fertilizer and Key Technologies for Industrialization" is aimed at these "prolongs" , Innovatively researched the nutrient cycle and transformation of organic fertilizers, organic-inorganic compound fertilizers in the soil-plant-animal system and their effects on soil properties, developed commercial organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers production processes and technologies, and promoted them Apply
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This move not only brought into play the "strengths" of the two, but also made this "strengthening the strengths and avoiding the weaknesses" possible through the development of key technologies
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Keep growing! Grab "nitrogen" and make crops grow faster.
Nitrogen (N) is the most important element for plant growth.
In order to increase yields, farmers often apply nitrogen fertilizers in large quantities in the process of agricultural production
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However, nitrogen is also a very active element and is easily lost.
It not only affects production and causes waste, but also causes harm to the water environment and human health
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Shen Qirong told reporters that the research team established for the first time the technology of using the isotope 13C15N double-labeled crop straw, livestock manure and other organic fertilizers
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Studies have revealed that about 15% of the residual organic 13C in the soil is contained in soil humic acids, 80% is contained in soil humin, and about 5% is contained in soil microorganisms.

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In other words, through organic fertilizer, 15N from chemical fertilizers is quickly converted into microbial organic 15N, which is then mineralized to form inorganic nitrogen, which constitutes a storage "transition reservoir" for soil available nitrogen, making the process of soil nitrogen supply more consistent with crop nitrogen uptake.
Reduce the volatilization and waste of nitrogen
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This main mechanism of organic and inorganic fertilizer nitrogen synergy has changed the characteristics of the past that the supply of chemical fertilizers and inorganic nitrogen is too fast, and the supply of soil organic nitrogen is too slow.
Carbon is used to "hold on" nitrogen, which provides a good way to ensure high and stable crop yields.
The nitrogen supply model of China has opened up a "fast track" for domestic and foreign counterparts to use nitrogen for related research
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Avoid shortcomings! Use less chemical fertilizers to make the environment better.
Long-term application of chemical fertilizers will make the soil compact.
How does organic fertilizer solve the compaction problem and improve soil quality? Is long-term organic fertilization really better than using chemical fertilizers? Professor Shen The team gave scientific evidence
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The research results show that, compared with the application of chemical fertilizers, long-term organic fertilization not only significantly improves the soil microbial biomass, diversity and soil enzyme activity, but also makes the soil microbial groups evenly distributed, and plant beneficial bacteria groups, such as pseudomonas and bacillus The abundance of Bacteroides, Bacteroides, etc.
increases, while the acid bacilli in the acid-loving environment are significantly reduced.
This is the fundamental reason why long-term organic fertilization inhibits soil acidification
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Organic fertilization also significantly increased the copy number of functional genes related to the soil nitrogen cycle
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In addition, the application of organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers can also reduce the decomposition of soil organic matter, and contribute to the accumulation of soil organic matter and soil aggregate structure
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The results of these studies have provided important theoretical support for increasing the amount of organic fertilizers and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers
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In order to allow more farmers to use organic fertilizer, the project also established a biological dehydration process for fresh livestock and poultry manure
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Compared with the traditional solid-liquid separation process, the new process not only reduces the dehydration cost and environmental pollution, but also reduces the nutrient loss in the dehydration process
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On this basis, researchers have also established a maturity detection method suitable for modern livestock and poultry manure.
The colorimetric method used by enterprises makes the production of organic fertilizer more convenient and efficient.

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Promote the solution of the key problems of the new industry standard organic fertilizer mechanism that promotes "strengthening the strengths and avoiding weaknesses", so that commercial organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer products with the characteristics of "strengthening strengths and avoiding weaknesses" are widely promoted and applied
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On this basis, the researchers of Nannong revised the industry standards for organic fertilizers and increased the nutrient content of organic fertilizers.
This measure not only escorts the rapid development of the organic fertilizer industry, but also effectively promotes the improvement of the quality of China's arable land
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The obvious advantages of commercial organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer products on production and the environment have also been fully affirmed by relevant departments.
The Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation have issued a VAT exemption policy for organic fertilizer products, and the Ministry of Agriculture has introduced soil organic matter improvement and products.
The organic fertilizer subsidy policy has increased the enthusiasm of farmers to apply organic fertilizer
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The excellent team takes the lead in tackling the key technology research and promotion of organic fertilizer mechanism and industrialization.
The results benefit the country and the people.
It not only has a leading advantage in the country, but is also an advanced technology that benefits mankind
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And it is the organic fertilizer and soil microbiology research team of Nanjing Agricultural University headed by Shen Qirong who is taking the lead in scientific research.
This research team is composed of more than 20 young and middle-aged high-level scientific researchers.
They have been engaged in the field of organic fertilizer and soil microbiology for many years.
Cutting-edge research and scientific research, as well as the promotion and application of new organic fertilizer production processes
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As a leader in the industry, the team has presided over major projects such as the National 973 Project, National Fund Key Projects, and Public Welfare Agricultural Industry Special Projects, leading the national counterparts in long-term basic and applied research on organic fertilizers, making China's organic fertilizer research into the world's leading industry
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Years of research work has also brought many honors to the team
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The team’s research and development of "Research and Industrialization of Microbial Organic Fertilizer Products Overcoming Soil Continuous Cropping Obstacles" won the second prize of the 2011 National Technical Invention Award and the first prize of the 2010 Jiangsu Science and Technology Award; "Organic Fertilizer Mechanism and Industrialization" "Key technology research and promotion" results won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award in 2015 and the first prize of the Science and Technology Progress Award of the Ministry of Education in 2013; the patent of "an antagonistic antibacterial and microbial fertilizer capable of preventing and controlling Fusarium wilt of continuous crops" was awarded in 2010 National Patent Gold Award and 2009 Jiangsu Patent Gold Award; "Organic Fertilizer Product Development and Promotion" achievement won the 4th China Technology Market Association Gold Bridge Award (2009); Organic Fertilizer and Soil Microorganism Innovation Team won Agriculture in 2015 Ministry and China Agricultural Science and Technology Award (Excellent Innovative Team Award)
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