"Three-pumping equipment" in oil production units

Deep well pump oil production device is the most commonly used is the beam type pumping machine - pumping pump device, which includes the pumping machine, the surface part of the pumping well wellhead device and including the pumping rod, pumping pump, tubing and other underground parts, of which the pumping machine, sucker rod, pumping pump is the most important component of this pumping device, that is, the so-called "three pumping equipment"
.

1.
Oil pumping machine

The pumping machine is a mechanical transmission device on the surface of the pumping well, which is used with the pumping rod and the pump, which can pump the underground crude oil to the surface
.
Due to the different structure and working principle of the pumping machine, it can be divided into swimming beam extractor and beamless pumping machine
.
According to the different structure, the swimming beam type oil pump can be divided into ordinary type and forward type (front type).

The ordinary bracket is between the donkey head and the crank linkage, and the forward-moving crank linkage mechanism is located between
the donkey head and the beam bracket.

The working principle of the oil pump is that the motor transmits its high-speed rotational movement to the output shaft of the gearbox, drives the output shaft after passing through the middle shaft, and the output shaft drives the crank for low-speed rotational movement
.
At the same time, the crank swings through the connecting rod through the rear arm of the beam to pull the rear arm (or the connecting rod directly pulls the rear arm of the beam).

The front end of the beam is equipped with a donkey's head, and the loads such as the liquid column above the piston and the suction rod column are suspended on the donkey's head
through the suspension rope.
Since the donkey's head swings up and down with the traveling beam, the donkey head of the traveling beam drives the piston to make up-down, vertical reciprocating movements, pumping the oil out of the wellbore
.

2.
Suction pump

Pumping pump, also known as deep well pump, is a special equipment for rod mechanical oil recovery, the pump is located in the well well in a certain depth below the liquid level, relying on the sucker rod to transmit the pumping engine power, the crude oil is pumped out of the ground
.
Due to the different ways of installation in the well, it can be divided into two types
: tubular pump and rod pump.
More applications in the field are tubular pumps
.
Tubular pump pump diameter is larger, large displacement, simple structure, low price, suitable for high output, shallow oil wells, more sand, less gas use of wells; The rod pump has a small diameter, low displacement and convenient pump inspection, and is suitable for deep wells
with low output.

The working principle of the pumping pump is that the pumping machine on the ground drives the piston of the pump up and down through the sucker rod to move up and down, and constantly pushes the oil to the ground
.
A pump up and down movement is called a stroke, and the discharge volume of a stroke is theoretically equal to the volume
of the pumping pump piston upward movement.
In fact, the production of pumping well is affected by various factors, the amount of fluid produced by the well is not equal to the theoretical displacement, the ratio of the actual liquid production of the pumping well to the theoretical displacement of the pump is called the pump efficiency, and the pump efficiency of the pumping machine is an important management indicator
.

There are three factors that affect pump efficiency:

(1) Geological factors, such as oil well sand outlet, gas effects, oil well waxing, high viscosity of crude oil and corrosive water and gas contained in crude oil;

(2) The quality of the manufacturing and installation of the pump;

(3) The working parameters of the pump are selected
.

3.
Suction rod

The sucker rod is an important part of the rod pump sucking device, through the sucker rod column will transmit the power of the sucker to the sucker pump, so that the piston of the sucker pump for reciprocating movement, the sucker rod body is a solid rod body with a circular section, and the carbon steel sucker rod and alloy steel sucker rod
are currently used.