"3,4 phosphate phosphatidyl inositol by regulating microscopic aggregates to mediate formation and dendritic morphology"

On January 20, the journal Cell Research published online a research paper entitled "3,4 phospholipidyl inositol by regulating the formation of neurodetics and dendritic morphology in the Neuroscience Research Institute of the Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences".
the study found that the neural protrusions started at the microfilament aggregation, and 3,4 diphosphate phosphatidyl inositol was the key membrane signaling molecule that mediates the formation of the microfilament aggregate.
characteristic of neurons is the ability to extend the structure of synapses such as axons and synapses.
out of the cell is the beginning of neuron morphology.
Although there is a deep understanding of the molecular mechanism of neuron development in the later stages of neuron development, such as mediated axon polarization, tree bursts and dexterity formation, the molecular mechanism of how synapses begin to grow is still unclear.
Yu Xiang's team used in-body cultured rats with hema neurons, combined with living imaging and pharmacological experiments, to find a thicker and more normal layer of polymerized actokin protein (actin cortex) under the cell membranes of newborn neurons.
as the polymeric actin layer recombines during the development process, one or two large microfilaments are formed under the cell membrane, and the deducements protrude from the microfilament aggregates.
further studies have found that dynamic changes in the movement of the tyrout protein are necessary during the start of the synapses, while dynamic changes in the micro tubes and protein synthesis are important for the stabilization of the later synapses.
yu xiang team further studied the regulatory mechanism of microscopic aggregate formation during the start of neurodetics and found a previously less reported phospholipid molecule - 3,4 phosphate phosphatidyl inositol 3 , 4-bisphosphate, PI (3,4)P2, which presents a small particle-like aggregation on the cell membrane, has significant co-positioning with the microfilament aggregate, and is necessary and sufficient for the formation of the microfilament aggregate and the protrusion of the nerve protrusion.
as a control, the relevant important signaling molecules 4,5 diphosphatidyl inositol (Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate, PI (4,5) P2) and 3 , 4,5 phosphate phosphatidyl inositol (Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, PI (3,4,5)P3) does not have this function.
the glass spheres of PI (3,4) P2 promote the formation of microscopic aggregates and neurodegenerations, while the synthesis of PI (3,4) P2 is inhibited by pharmacological interference.
the formation of microfilament aggregates is inhibited by pharmacology, the granular aggregation of PI (3,4) P2 on the membrane is still present, proving that PI (3,4) P2 works as an upstream signal molecule.
two types of enzymes produced by regulating PI (3,4) P2 in rat brain tissue, namely inositol 5 bit phospholipase containing SH2 domain (SH2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase, SHIP2) and Class II phosphatidyl inositol 3-bit kinase alpha subtype (class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase alpha, PI3K C2 alpha), which complements and does not have the leeway to regulate the formation of microscopic aggregates, the protrusion of neurodegeneration, and subsequent tree bursts.
addition, neurologically specific Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins (neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, N-WASP) and Arp 2/3 protein complexes are involved as PI (3,4) P2 downstream in regulating the formation of synapses and the development of dendrients.
the study not only found that PI (3,4) P2 is an extremely important membrane signaling molecule in the early development of neurons, but also verified its key role in regulating the formation of microfilament aggregates and the protrusion of neuropsychiats.
kinds of neurodevelopmental diseases are accompanied by abnormal changes in degenerative morphology, which in turn affect the normal development of the brain, these findings are of great significance for the study of developmental neurological diseases.
the project was completed by doctoral students Zhang Shuxin and Duan Lihui under the guidance of researcher Yu Xiang.
project has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the strategic pilot project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission.
: (A) distribution of PI (3,4) P2 (green), microscoprotein (red), microtubule (fuchsia), and nuclei (blue) during the protrusion of the python neurons in rats.
(B) molecular mechanism of neuron protrusion: SHIP2 and PI3KC2 alpha co-catalytic PI (3,4) P2 aggregation, which in turn regulates the formation of microscopic aggregates through N-WASP and Arp2/3, thereby mediating the protrusion of neural protrusions.
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