683 samples of ordinary vegetable bean resources genome-wide resequencing results analysis.

Ordinary beans are the world's most widely grown, the largest cultivation area, the largest number of people eating beans. On December 23,
, Nature-Genetics published 683 genome-wide resequencing results of ordinary vegetable bean resources in the form of a long text, as well as the results of the identification of the largest major agronomic phenotypes of common beans.
the work was carried out by the Institute of Crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Institute of Research) specialty crops excellent seed resources exploration and innovative utilization team of six domestic and foreign scientific research units. Wang Shumin, author of the
paper and a researcher at the Institute, told China Science Daily: "Our team used modern sequencing technology to explain the genetic diversity of common vegetable seed resources, and built the largest, most complete phenotype data, the largest amount of genetic information phenotype and genotype variation database, providing valuable genetic resources for the cultivation of high-yielding and disease-resistant ordinary beans."
then, through genome-wide correlation analysis to identify a series of reliable associated sites /genes, for the molecular breeding of ordinary beans to provide a large number of key accurate marker selection basis, accelerate the process of common bean molecular breeding.
" can be food-based bean crops According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization statistics, the annual planting area of ordinary beans in the world is about 3.65 million hectares, with a total output of about 314 million tons, accounting for about 50% of the total production of edible beans, second only to soybeans, the soybean crop. Wu Jing, the first author of the
thesis and an associate researcher of the Institute, introduced that ordinary beans are bean crops, with high protein, medium starch, low fat, rich in nutrients and so on, is a very important source of plant protein.
ordinary beans per 100 grams of grain protein content of 20 to 30 grams, is 2 times the content of wheat, 4 times the content of corn; At the same time,
, ordinary beans are rich in mineral elements, 1406 mg of potassium per 100 grams, 3.5 times wheat content, 4.5 times corn content; Matthew Blair, co-author of the
paper and a professor at Tennessee State University, said that ordinary beans are important foods for developed countries and regions to regulate dietary structure, which are widely consumed in Europe and the United States, and can also play a huge role in solving the nutritional shortage and human survival and reproduction in poor areas.
in China, according to the different edible organs, the ordinary beans are divided into two categories. Wang Lanfen, co-first author of the
the paper and an associate researcher of the Institute, introduced the soy beans or dried beans, which are mainly edible seeds, and the beans or beans of the four seasons, which are mainly consumed by the edible tender beans.
and their work is mainly on ordinary beans that serve grain for food.
grain beans are mainly distributed in northwest Heilongjiang, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan Liangshan, northwest Shaanxi, northwest Of Shan, northern Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and other regions.
According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization statistics, China's annual planting area of about 807,000 hectares, the average annual output of 1.33 million tons, ranking fifth in the world, is one of the world's major exporters of ordinary beans.
ordinary beans are also one of China's main export-generating commodities.
the bottom is not clear to limit ordinary bean breeding" our team has long been engaged in the collection, introduction, identification of common vegetable seed quality resources, has collected and preserved more than 6500 seed resources.
" Wang Shumin said, these resources come from the Andean gene bank and the Sino-American gene pool, including wild species, local species and modern breeding species.
" because of China's genetic research on the common vegetable seed resources started late, the existing seed resources research is insufficient, the identification is not enough, resulting in these valuable resources of the genetic background is unclear, difficult to be used effectively by breeders, to a certain extent, limit the breeding and industrial development of ordinary vegetable beans.
" Wu Jing told China Science Daily in an interview that with the rapid development of plant genomics, the representative materials of the two gene banks of ordinary beans have also completed the determination of whole genome sequences in 2014 and 2016, which provides a new opportunity to use genomics to understand the genetic basis of china's common vegetable seed resources.
in this context, the project team began in 2012 in the existing seed resources based on existing data screening, building core seed quality, the phenotype and genotype identification, to carry out in-depth analysis of the genetic background of China's inventory seed resources at the whole genome level, in order to enhance the efficiency of seed resource utilization, promote the common vegetable bean industry quality efficiency to provide scientific and technological support.
683 resource-accurate phenotype identifications in four years, "We have a lot of seed resources, but how to study these resources in depth?" Can we provide some useful scientific basis for breeders? "This is something wang's team has been thinking about for years.
at present, China's seed bank has more than 6500 ordinary vegetable seed quality resources. how
to select resources that represent group diversity for in-depth research? First of all, through the analysis of the geographical source of resources, existing phenotypes and other data, they carefully selected 1000 seed resources, respectively, in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, Nanyang City, Henan Province, Bijie City, Guizhou Province, and Sanya City, Hainan Province.
Wujing said that the four places north to 18 degrees north latitude, south to north latitude 45 degrees, the length of the light cycle is significantly different.
"Some South American varieties of beans can not adapt to the climate in the northeast, can not flower, results."
" then, they then selected 683 common vegetable seed quality resources based on 80 percent of local resources to obtain phenotyccal data, to build the core seed quality.
2014-2016, for three consecutive years, in the above four sites, respectively, to carry out the basic agronomic characteristics, yield characteristics, pests and diseases, seed characteristics, such as more than 20 accurate identification.
Wang Shumin said that the core seed represents 10% of the existing common vegetable seed resources genetic diversity, including 529 local species, 154 modern breeding species, from China's 20 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions, as well as Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Mexico and other 18 countries.
resequencing identified a large number of gene sites in three consecutive years under different light and heat conditions of 683 core species of phenotype accurate identification data, Wang Shumin also led the team to carry out large-scale genome re-sequencing work for ordinary beans individuals.
"single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reflects fundamental changes at the DNA level, which determine the differences between individual species. Fu Junjie, co-first author of the
" thesis, explained that by using the second-generation high-throughput genome sequencing technology, they re-sequenced the core seed containing 683 seed resources, analyzed the genome variation of common vegetable seed resources, and constructed the first high-density, accurate single-double map containing 4.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms.
"It can be said that most of the genotype variants of ordinary beans are included in this gene map.
," Fu said.
it is worth noting that because these ordinary beans come from different latitudes of the planting environment, and after three years of testing, they also obtained the largest phenotynographic data of ordinary beans so far, for breeders to provide a wealth of phenotynographic data on seed resources, improve the efficiency of the use of seed resources.
based on this, they have found some important conclusions.
for example, by comparing the diversity of local and modern breeding species, they identified 171 artificially modified selection areas.
candidate genes include transcription factors and disease-resistant proteins, among which genes have been proven to be related to grain characteristics, suggesting that in the process of artificial improvement, the genes associated with grain traits are selected.
" This is also the different countries and regions of the people's preferences and needs for different seeds caused by different, revealing the human in the ordinary canola seed size formation of the important role in the formation of evolution.
" Wu Jing said, the whole genome association analysis found that the sites associated with the characteristics of grain and fertility, just within the interval of artificially modified domestication, successfully revealed the effects of artificial selection on the genome.
in addition, through genome-wide association analysis, they identified a total of 505 sites involving flowering period, growth habits, seed characteristics, pests and diseases, especially grain characteristics, flowering period and other characteristics in the larger environmental differences of genetic stability.
and the end of chromosome 1 is a polyspecificgene-rich region. The whole genome association analysis of agronomic traits
provides a large amount of gene site information for the further development of high-yield and anti-reverse breeding.
," Wang said.
related paper information: Source: Li Chen, China Science Daily.