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▎Editor of WuXi AppTec's content team In an experiment at the University of California, San Diego, researchers planted many black-eyed peas, but this laboratory is neither researching botany, nor is these beans for eating
.
These beans usually do not grow healthily.
Instead, they will be infected with cowpea mosaic virus deliberately
.
There is only one purpose for this, to collect a large number of viruses
.
Yes, what researchers need is not beans, but spherical nano-viral particles.
Black-eyed peas are just tool beans
.
▲Black-eyed peas (picture source: Wikipedia, CC BY 4.
0) In fact, these viruses can later be used for important purposes.
They can become important assistants to help the body resist the metastasis of cancer cells
.
Looking for a virus as a helper does not mean that you have resisted cancer and contracted the virus again? In fact, it is precisely considering this issue that black eyed peas were included in the selection
.
First of all, as a plant virus, the cowpea mosaic virus that infects black-eyed peas does not cause infection after entering the animal body and is harmless to animals
.
But as a foreign substance, it can still cause an immune response, causing the immune system to attack and clear it
.
Since this virus is harmless and can also attract the attention of the immune system, it is completely possible to make it carry a label related to cancer cells to guide the immune system
.
▲Research diagram (picture source: reference [2]) At present, lung metastasis is the most common form of cancer metastasis.
Once a new tumor is formed in the lung, it may be very difficult and fatal for the patient
.
Therefore, controlling the lung metastasis of cancer will save many cancer patients, and how to make the immune system play a stronger role in the lungs has also become the key
.
In the eyes of Professor Nicole Steinmetz of the University of California, San Diego, the protein S100A9 in the lungs is a good target
.
S100A9 is a protein secreted by immune cells that can help the body deal with lung infections
.
But more importantly, the overexpression of this protein can lead to tumor growth and spread, suggesting that it may play an important role in the tumor microenvironment, and it is a marker that can well show the presence of tumors
.
After the researchers collected a sufficient amount of virus particles from black eyed peas, they chose to connect a nano-sized particle to a molecule that could target S100A9
.
At this time, the virus becomes a tracking missile, which can lock the S100A9 all the way to the lungs
.
When the virus reaches the end, the activated immune cells follow to reach the destination
.
In theory, they will also notice the presence of tumors while destroying the virus and destroy them at the same time
.
What about the actual situation? Professor Steinmetz conducted two types of experiments, one for preventive use and the other for therapeutic use
.
In a preventive experiment, he injected plant viruses into the blood of healthy mice, and then injected melanoma cells into the mice
.
▲Experimental procedure (picture source: reference [2]) Two weeks later, the researchers removed the lungs of the mice.
The observation results clearly showed that the lungs of the mice in the control group were already covered with tumors, and they were injected with the modification In mice with the virus, they spread much less lung tumors, almost only 1/3 of the control group
.
▲Mice injected with plant virus (CPMV group) had much fewer lung tumors (picture source: reference [2]).
In therapeutic experiments, the researchers injected modified virus into mice that had lung metastases As a result, the tumor volume in their lungs began to decrease, and their survival time was longer than that of the control group
.
This viral tool can well prevent lung metastasis in mice with breast cancer and melanoma
.
The research team believes that this therapy can be of great benefit to cancer patients, especially to help those who have undergone tumor resection to prevent cancer recurrence and the formation of metastases
.
In the next step, they will continue to conduct toxicology tests to promote the application of this tool
.
Reference: [1]How a plant virus could protect and save your lungs from metastatic cancer Retrieved Sep.
18, 2021 from https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-09-virus-lungs-metastatic-cancer.
html[ 2]Young Hun Chung et al, S100A9-Targeted Cowpea Mosaic Virus as a Prophylactic and Therapeutic Immunotherapy against Metastatic Breast Cancer and Melanoma, Advanced Science (2021).
DOI: 10.
1002/advs.
202101796
.
These beans usually do not grow healthily.
Instead, they will be infected with cowpea mosaic virus deliberately
.
There is only one purpose for this, to collect a large number of viruses
.
Yes, what researchers need is not beans, but spherical nano-viral particles.
Black-eyed peas are just tool beans
.
▲Black-eyed peas (picture source: Wikipedia, CC BY 4.
0) In fact, these viruses can later be used for important purposes.
They can become important assistants to help the body resist the metastasis of cancer cells
.
Looking for a virus as a helper does not mean that you have resisted cancer and contracted the virus again? In fact, it is precisely considering this issue that black eyed peas were included in the selection
.
First of all, as a plant virus, the cowpea mosaic virus that infects black-eyed peas does not cause infection after entering the animal body and is harmless to animals
.
But as a foreign substance, it can still cause an immune response, causing the immune system to attack and clear it
.
Since this virus is harmless and can also attract the attention of the immune system, it is completely possible to make it carry a label related to cancer cells to guide the immune system
.
▲Research diagram (picture source: reference [2]) At present, lung metastasis is the most common form of cancer metastasis.
Once a new tumor is formed in the lung, it may be very difficult and fatal for the patient
.
Therefore, controlling the lung metastasis of cancer will save many cancer patients, and how to make the immune system play a stronger role in the lungs has also become the key
.
In the eyes of Professor Nicole Steinmetz of the University of California, San Diego, the protein S100A9 in the lungs is a good target
.
S100A9 is a protein secreted by immune cells that can help the body deal with lung infections
.
But more importantly, the overexpression of this protein can lead to tumor growth and spread, suggesting that it may play an important role in the tumor microenvironment, and it is a marker that can well show the presence of tumors
.
After the researchers collected a sufficient amount of virus particles from black eyed peas, they chose to connect a nano-sized particle to a molecule that could target S100A9
.
At this time, the virus becomes a tracking missile, which can lock the S100A9 all the way to the lungs
.
When the virus reaches the end, the activated immune cells follow to reach the destination
.
In theory, they will also notice the presence of tumors while destroying the virus and destroy them at the same time
.
What about the actual situation? Professor Steinmetz conducted two types of experiments, one for preventive use and the other for therapeutic use
.
In a preventive experiment, he injected plant viruses into the blood of healthy mice, and then injected melanoma cells into the mice
.
▲Experimental procedure (picture source: reference [2]) Two weeks later, the researchers removed the lungs of the mice.
The observation results clearly showed that the lungs of the mice in the control group were already covered with tumors, and they were injected with the modification In mice with the virus, they spread much less lung tumors, almost only 1/3 of the control group
.
▲Mice injected with plant virus (CPMV group) had much fewer lung tumors (picture source: reference [2]).
In therapeutic experiments, the researchers injected modified virus into mice that had lung metastases As a result, the tumor volume in their lungs began to decrease, and their survival time was longer than that of the control group
.
This viral tool can well prevent lung metastasis in mice with breast cancer and melanoma
.
The research team believes that this therapy can be of great benefit to cancer patients, especially to help those who have undergone tumor resection to prevent cancer recurrence and the formation of metastases
.
In the next step, they will continue to conduct toxicology tests to promote the application of this tool
.
Reference: [1]How a plant virus could protect and save your lungs from metastatic cancer Retrieved Sep.
18, 2021 from https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-09-virus-lungs-metastatic-cancer.
html[ 2]Young Hun Chung et al, S100A9-Targeted Cowpea Mosaic Virus as a Prophylactic and Therapeutic Immunotherapy against Metastatic Breast Cancer and Melanoma, Advanced Science (2021).
DOI: 10.
1002/advs.
202101796
