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Hypertension is the most common and serious chronic health disease in the world today, and is a high-risk factor
for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
The mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases has remained high in recent years, and the mortality rate is higher than that of other diseases
.
A person's blood pressure is mainly regulated
by RAS.
Angiotensin in plasma is hydrolyzed by renin to produce angiotensin I (Ang I), and then ACE in vascular endothelial cells hydrolyzes Ang I to form Ang II, which stimulates the release
of aldosterone in the globular band of the adrenal cortex.
Aldosterone can significantly enhance the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, and also indirectly promote the reabsorption of water, increase blood volume, and thus increase
blood pressure.
Therefore, inhibition of ACE activity is an effective treatment for hypertension, and some ACE inhibitors have also made effective progress
in hypertension-related diseases.
In recent years, the polypeptides produced by the enzymatic hydrolysates of food proteins have become more and more favored
by food workers.
These peptides are inactive in the parental protein sequence, but can be released
during enzymatic digestion or food processing.
The protein in rice and rice bran has the advantage of hypoallergenic compared
to soy protein and milk protein.
The protein content of Chinese rice is between
6.
0%~15.
7%.
Starch is usually only used in the processing of rice, and a large amount of high-quality rice protein in processing by-products such as broken rice, rice bran, rice husk, etc.
cannot be effectively developed and utilized, resulting in a huge waste of
protein resources.
At the same time, millions of tons of rice contaminated with heavy metals in China every year can be used to develop rice protein and rice starch products
.
Therefore, the development of rice protein and rice peptide has a very broad application prospect and space
.
This project mainly studies rice peptides and their anti-blood pressure systems for lowering blood pressure through SHR model, which are divided into the following parts: 1) rice protein extraction by alkaline and rice peptide extraction by alkaline protease-trypsin method; 2) Determination of molecular mass and amino acid composition of rice peptides by high performance liquid chromatography; 3) To study the anti-compressive effect
of rice peptides and traditional anti-compressive substances on SHR as positive controls.
Results and Discussion The molecular weight, amino acid composition, VNP, VWP content and IC50 value of purified polypeptides can be seen from Table 1 that the oligopeptides of ACE inhibitory peptides purified from rice are between 549~576, with higher content (69.
0%), between 1113~1158, and low content (21.
6%)
.
It can be seen from Table 2 that rice peptides have high content of essential amino acids (35.
87%) and high content of hydrophobic amino acids (32.
07%)
.
Alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine are all hydrophobic amino acids
.
At the same time, the contents of VNP and VWP in rice peptides were 18.
51% and 1.
29%,
respectively.
Table 1 Molecular weight table of rice peptide 2 Effect of long-term gavage of amino acid composition RP on systolic blood pressure Table 3 showed that SHR systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced (P<0.
05) after 6 weeks of oral administration of RP (100 mg/kg) and captopril (10 mg/kg)<b118> compared with the negative control group.
Compared to the initial SBP value, the positive control group had the largest monthly decrease of 18.
8 mmHg, followed by the RP (100 mg/kg) dose group at 17.
1 mmHg and the RP (50 mg/kg) dose group with 8.
2 mmHg
in the negative control group.
Blood pressure increased by 1.
3 mmHg after 6 weeks in the RP (20 mg/kg) group, but decreased
compared with the negative control group.
In addition, after oral captopril (10 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, SBP was significantly reduced (P<0.
05), and RP (100 mg/kg) had no significant effect<b121> after 6 weeks.
Table 3 Long-term effects on systolic blood pressure values in SHR and WKY rats plasma renin, ACE, Ang II, NO content and ACE activity determination showed that there was no significant difference between the SHR group and WKY group renin content (P>0.
05).
Compared with the negative control group, the plasma ACE content was significantly reduced (P<0.
01) and the RP (100 mg/kg) and RP (50 mg/kg) dose groups were also significantly reduced (P<0.
05)<b123> after 6 weeks of shri injection of captopril (10 mg/kg).
At the same time, the plasma Ang II of rats in the SHR-positive control group (captopril) was significantly reduced (P<0.
05), and the Ang II in the RP group decreased gradually with the increase of dose, but the difference was not statistically significant<b124>.
After long-term gavage with captopril (10 mg/kg), RP (100 mg/kg) and RP (50 mg/kg), SHR plasma NO content was significantly increased (P<0.
01) and ACE activity was significantly reduced (P<0.
01).
<b125> The control group was fed captopril (10 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, and the plasma NO content increased significantly (P<0.
01), Ang II activity and ACE activity were significantly reduced (P<0.
05), and the ACE content was not significantly<b126> different.
Fig.
1 Effects of RP gavage on renin, ACE, Ang II, NO levels and ACE activity in (A)SHR and (B)WKY
Reference:
for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
The mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases has remained high in recent years, and the mortality rate is higher than that of other diseases
.
A person's blood pressure is mainly regulated
by RAS.
Angiotensin in plasma is hydrolyzed by renin to produce angiotensin I (Ang I), and then ACE in vascular endothelial cells hydrolyzes Ang I to form Ang II, which stimulates the release
of aldosterone in the globular band of the adrenal cortex.
Aldosterone can significantly enhance the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, and also indirectly promote the reabsorption of water, increase blood volume, and thus increase
blood pressure.
Therefore, inhibition of ACE activity is an effective treatment for hypertension, and some ACE inhibitors have also made effective progress
in hypertension-related diseases.
In recent years, the polypeptides produced by the enzymatic hydrolysates of food proteins have become more and more favored
by food workers.
These peptides are inactive in the parental protein sequence, but can be released
during enzymatic digestion or food processing.
The protein in rice and rice bran has the advantage of hypoallergenic compared
to soy protein and milk protein.
The protein content of Chinese rice is between
6.
0%~15.
7%.
Starch is usually only used in the processing of rice, and a large amount of high-quality rice protein in processing by-products such as broken rice, rice bran, rice husk, etc.
cannot be effectively developed and utilized, resulting in a huge waste of
protein resources.
At the same time, millions of tons of rice contaminated with heavy metals in China every year can be used to develop rice protein and rice starch products
.
Therefore, the development of rice protein and rice peptide has a very broad application prospect and space
.
This project mainly studies rice peptides and their anti-blood pressure systems for lowering blood pressure through SHR model, which are divided into the following parts: 1) rice protein extraction by alkaline and rice peptide extraction by alkaline protease-trypsin method; 2) Determination of molecular mass and amino acid composition of rice peptides by high performance liquid chromatography; 3) To study the anti-compressive effect
of rice peptides and traditional anti-compressive substances on SHR as positive controls.
Results and Discussion The molecular weight, amino acid composition, VNP, VWP content and IC50 value of purified polypeptides can be seen from Table 1 that the oligopeptides of ACE inhibitory peptides purified from rice are between 549~576, with higher content (69.
0%), between 1113~1158, and low content (21.
6%)
.
It can be seen from Table 2 that rice peptides have high content of essential amino acids (35.
87%) and high content of hydrophobic amino acids (32.
07%)
.
Alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine are all hydrophobic amino acids
.
At the same time, the contents of VNP and VWP in rice peptides were 18.
51% and 1.
29%,
respectively.
Table 1 Molecular weight table of rice peptide 2 Effect of long-term gavage of amino acid composition RP on systolic blood pressure Table 3 showed that SHR systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced (P<0.
05) after 6 weeks of oral administration of RP (100 mg/kg) and captopril (10 mg/kg)<b118> compared with the negative control group.
Compared to the initial SBP value, the positive control group had the largest monthly decrease of 18.
8 mmHg, followed by the RP (100 mg/kg) dose group at 17.
1 mmHg and the RP (50 mg/kg) dose group with 8.
2 mmHg
in the negative control group.
Blood pressure increased by 1.
3 mmHg after 6 weeks in the RP (20 mg/kg) group, but decreased
compared with the negative control group.
In addition, after oral captopril (10 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, SBP was significantly reduced (P<0.
05), and RP (100 mg/kg) had no significant effect<b121> after 6 weeks.
Table 3 Long-term effects on systolic blood pressure values in SHR and WKY rats plasma renin, ACE, Ang II, NO content and ACE activity determination showed that there was no significant difference between the SHR group and WKY group renin content (P>0.
05).
Compared with the negative control group, the plasma ACE content was significantly reduced (P<0.
01) and the RP (100 mg/kg) and RP (50 mg/kg) dose groups were also significantly reduced (P<0.
05)<b123> after 6 weeks of shri injection of captopril (10 mg/kg).
At the same time, the plasma Ang II of rats in the SHR-positive control group (captopril) was significantly reduced (P<0.
05), and the Ang II in the RP group decreased gradually with the increase of dose, but the difference was not statistically significant<b124>.
After long-term gavage with captopril (10 mg/kg), RP (100 mg/kg) and RP (50 mg/kg), SHR plasma NO content was significantly increased (P<0.
01) and ACE activity was significantly reduced (P<0.
01).
<b125> The control group was fed captopril (10 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, and the plasma NO content increased significantly (P<0.
01), Ang II activity and ACE activity were significantly reduced (P<0.
05), and the ACE content was not significantly<b126> different.
Fig.
1 Effects of RP gavage on renin, ACE, Ang II, NO levels and ACE activity in (A)SHR and (B)WKY
First author
Jingjing Dong, 2018 Master Candidate
in Food Science, School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Light Industry.
Corresponding author
Gong Zhiyong, male, born in 1966, Ph.
D.
, professor, doctoral supervisor, graduated from Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and director of the Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of
Light Industry.
Member of the Analytical Toxicology Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Toxicology, a standing expert of the national expert group for the review of the list of non-edible substances that may be illegally added to food; Director of Hubei Toxicology Society; Director of
Hubei Food Science and Technology Society.
He is responsible for presided over and completed 14 scientific research projects such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Key Science and Technology Research Program, and the National Industry Special Fund, and participated in the completion of
8 national projects such as the National High-tech Research and Development Program (863 Program), the National Key Basic Research Development Program (973 Program), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
He is the chief editor of 2 college textbooks: "Food Quality and Safety Management" and "Food Toxicology"
.
He has published more than 100 articles in domestic and foreign journals, including more than 40 SCI
indexes.
Participated in the formulation of 3 national food safety standards and 2 international CAC standards
.
Jingjing Donga, Shen Wanga, Xiaoyao Yina, Min Fanga, Zhiyong Gonga,*, Yongning Wub
a Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
b NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: gongwhqg@163.
com
In this paper, the antihypertension effect of rice peptide (RP) was studied.
With spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) as the research objects, RP disposable gastric and long-term gastric irrigation experiments were carried out and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured.
At the end of the long-term gastric irrigation experiment, the content of nitric oxide (NO), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II) and renin in the plasma and the activity of ACE were determined.
The results showed that RP could reduce systolic pressure of SHR and had time-dose dependence while high-dose RP significantly reduced systolic pressure by 24.
6 and 17.
2 mmHg, respectively after a single and long-term gastric irrigation test.
RP also could inhibit the activity of ACE and increase the release of NO.
These results suggested that the decompression mechanism of RP is likely to be related to the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and NO.
Reference:
DONG J J, WANG S, YIN X Y, et al.
Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and antihypertensive effects of rice peptides[J].
Food Science and Human Wellness, 2022, 11(6): 1539-1543.
DOI:10.
1016/j.
fshw.
2022.
06.
011.
