After the first analysis of the Smad5 change, the nuclear slurry positioning can be determined by adjusting its nuclear rate.

Organisms are always in a constantly changing environment inside and outside cells, such as temperature, acidity and alkalinity inside and outside cells, and osmotic pressure.
therefore, all organisms need to feel these changing internal and external environments and react accordingly to maintain normal physiological function of cells.
Tongji University School of Medicine, affiliated with the 10th People's Hospital Zhang Xiaoqing team researchers in the experiment accidentally found that located in the classical BMP signal path downstream transcription factor Smad5 can feel the temperature, extracellulate acidity and osmotic pressure changes.
high temperatures, extracellular acidification, and low seepage conditions cause Smad5 to gather in the nucleus, while at low temperatures, extracellular alkalinization, and high seepage conditions, Smad5 rapidly transfers from the nucleus to the cytoste.
further studies have found that temperature, extracellular acidity and osmotic pressure can cause changes in intracular acidity and alkalinity, Smad5 can quickly feel the change of acidity and alkalinity in cells and thus cause changes in the distribution of nuclear slurry.
addition, knocking out Smad5 can cause in-cell energy stabilization disorders and interfere with normal developmental processes.
, Smad5 can bind to HK1, the first speed-limiting enzyme of glycoenzyme, to enhance the enzyme activity of HK1 and accelerate the oxidation of phosphatification of glycoenzyme and subsequent mitochondria.
, Smad5 can quickly capture subtle changes in the acidity and alkalinity of the cell, and adjust the energy stability of the cell through the nuclear slurry shuttle.
The study is the first to reveal the existence of a new and important function of Smad5 that does not depend on traditional BMP signals, and the first to discover how cells respond to changes in the external environment and to maintain intra-cell metabolic stability by capturing changes in acidity and alkalinity in cells.
The study will enhance our understanding of how intracellular acidity and metabolic stability are established and maintained, improve our understanding of the role of intracellular acidity and metabolism in embryonic development, and lay a solid foundation for further drug development, cell transplantation, and treatment."
July 4th, Zhang Xiaoqing's research was published online in Cell Research, a leading international academic journal, under the title "Smad5 acts as an intracellular pHmessenger and maintenances bioenergetic homeostasis".
Zhang Xiaoqing, Researcher Liu Ling and Dr. Xiang Bin of Novarte Biomedical Research Center are co-authors of this paper.
author of this paper is Zhang Xiaoqing," said Dr. Yujiang, a doctoral student in Professor Zhang Xiaoqing's group.
Yujiang is also a recipient of the Academic Newcomer Award of the Ministry of Education and represented Chinese graduate students at the 2014 Lindao Nobel Laureate Conference.
this study, co-partners Professor Yang Wei and Zhao Yuzheng of East China University of Technology, as well as Professor Jin Guohua of Nantong University, made important contributions to in-cell pH measurement and related mechanisms.
research has been funded by the National Major Scientific Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission and other projects.
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