Alert! Beijing new crown cases appear D614G mutation, infectious or enhanced nearly 10 times!

Source of this article: the recent epidemic situation in Beijing of Meishi Medical Co., Ltd. has been paid close attention to by the whole country due to the "new outbreak" of multiple clustering cases.on the one hand, more than one million people have been to "Xinfadi" 10 days before the outbreak of the epidemic. Among these people, the infected people may bring great risk of uncertainty.in addition, it is not clear whether it is "material to human" or "human to human" issues. The seafood market and Pepsi plant area have multiple cases of aggregation, causing public concern about the safety of frozen food such as seafood, coke, potato chips, etc. Novel coronavirus pneumonia, novel coronavirus pneumonia, was reported by, Beijing municipal health and Health Committee 22 days ago. From 21 to 0, 24 cases were reported in Beijing. There were 9 newly diagnosed cases of new crown pneumonia, 2 suspected cases and 5 asymptomatic infections in Beijing. Since June 11th, 236 cases of newly diagnosed pneumonia confirmed by local residents have been reported, 236 cases in the hospital, and 22 asymptomatic infections are still being observed.more than 20 cases of Beijing related cases have been found in Tianjin, Hebei, Zhejiang, Liaoning and Sichuan, and the difficulty of relevant transmission traceability is increasing.compared with the area of South China seafood market and Central Park, experts from the virus disease Institute of Reuters China Center for Disease Control and prevention entered Xinfadi agricultural products wholesale market on June 14, 15 and 17, and collected hundreds of samples. Many positive samples were found. These positive environmental samples can help researchers restore the "crime scene", lock in the scope of infection and even spread Source.experts tend to believe that both "human to human" and "material to human" may occur, and it is the goods or people who bring the new coronavirus outside Beijing into the "new place". Novel coronavirus China novel coronavirus service system was released on the evening of 18,. CDC has issued the new crown disease epidemic and viral genome sequence data of Beijing new year June 2020 by the "new coronavirus National Science and technology resource service system".it mainly includes the genome sequence data of confirmed cases in Beijing (nmdc60013902-01, nmdc60013903-02) and environmental samples (nmdc60013903-03). These three samples were collected on June 11, 2020, which are the virus samples of the recent outbreak in Beijing.at the same time, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has also submitted the new coronal epidemic situation and virus genome sequence data to the World Health Organization (who) and the global initiative for shared influenza data (gisaid).nextstrain website shows the position of genomic sequence data of Beijing samples. Compared with the previous data, it is found that d614g mutation exists in all the three recently published Beijing outbreak virus samples, and they fall into the same evolutionary cluster. Most of the evolutionary clusters are European cases, which are quite different from the gene sequences of the three imported viruses collected in the earlier stage. The evolutionary architecture of coronavirus in the world is very different Among them, the most closely related sequences of the three new coronaviruses from Beijing are those from Taiwan, Greece and Portugal. The d614g mutation of sars-cov-2 spike protein enhancements virtual effectiveness and decreases neutralization sensitivity to individual consistent Sera, DOI: the strain with d614g mutation began to spread in Europe in early February, and became the mainstream strain in the world by may, accounting for nearly 70% of the sequencing samples in Europe and North America.it is found in India, Brazil, Iran and other places.the d614g mutation in the sars-cov-2 spike protein reductions S1 shielding and increases effectiveness, biorxiv preprint DOI Small gene mutations in sars-cov-2 variants may increase the number of spike proteins on coronavirus, which will greatly increase the infectivity of the virus and increase its ability to infect human cells by 9-10 times. It was found that the mutation of d46i / D4 was related to the increase of the position of d61o4 in the virus.hyeryun Choe team compared the characteristics of S protein with aspartic acid (sd614) and glycine (sg614) on the functional residues, and observed that retrovirus infected with sg614 pseudovirus could infect ACE2 expressing cells more effectively than cells using sd614.similar results were obtained using methods similar to sars-cov-2 m, N, e and S proteins. Sg614 did not bind ACE2 more effectively than sd614, and the recovered plasma containing these s neutralized proteins with comparable efficiency.these results suggest that sg614 is more stable than sd614, which is consistent with epidemiological data suggesting that the virus carrying sg614 can spread more effectively.d614g mutation, biorxiv preprint doi: it should be pointed out that this study was conducted using harmless viruses that produce key coronavirus proteins. Whether the observed changes can be translated into real-world transmission capacity improvement, more epidemiological studies are needed. the d614g mutation in sars-cov-2 spike increases transition of multiple human cell types, biorxiv preprint doi: Nov. 15, Neville E Based on pseudovirus and human lung epithelial cell lines, sanjana team once again found that d614g mutation increased the ability of pseudovirus to infect cells by 2.4-7.7 times, especially in human hepatocytes (huh7.5-ace2). from the United States, these studies show that this new coronavirus variant is different from the virus previously found in Wuhan, China (without this spike protein mutation), which may explain why the new coronavirus has been more widely spread in Europe, North America and Latin America. but other scientists have warned that a lot of research is needed to determine whether viral differences affect the outbreak process. other factors obviously affected the spread, including the closing time, travel, social mode and luck. The d614g mutation of sars-cov-2 spike protein enhancement virtual effectiveness and decreases neutralization sensitivity to individual compromise Sera, DOI: the mutation of d614g amino acid residue in spike s protein of new coronavirus can significantly enhance the infection ability of the virus, and reduce the sensitivity to individual recovery serum, according to a study published by Professor Huang ailing of Chongqing Medical University on December 20. this study confirms that the Scripps Institute and other institutions have conducted preliminary research on d614g mutation in S protein, and found that d614g mutation of S protein of new coronavirus can enhance the ability of new coronavirus to infect cells. it is pointed out that the spike protein, which mediates the entry of sars-cov-2 into host cells, is one of the main targets of vaccines and therapeutics. therefore, further understanding of the sequence variation of S protein is the key to understand the infection and antigenicity of sars-cov-2. Professor Huang Ailing's team observed a dominant mutation of S protein at position 614 (aspartate versus glycine, d614g mutation). using pseudovirus based analysis, it was found that s-d614 and s-g614 protein Pseudoviruses share a common receptor, namely human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which can be blocked by Fc region of recombinant ACE2 and human IgG1 fusion. however, s-d614 and s-g614 proteins showed functional differences. firstly, s-g614 protein can be cleaved by elastase-2 more effectively. Secondly, 293t-ace2 cells infected by s-g614 pseudovirus are more effective than s-d614 pseudovirus. The d614g mutation of sars-cov-2 spike protein enhancements virtual infection and decreases neutralization sensitivity to individual consistent sera, DOI. it is also worrying that for patients who have previously been infected with milder strains and have recovered, the new strain may actually lead to a second infection, but there is no clinical evidence. their study found that 93% (38 / 41) sera from convalescent patients with covid-19 could neutralize s-d614 and s-g614 Pseudoviruses with considerable efficiency, but about 7% (3 / 41) of convalescent sera showed decreased neutralization activity against s-g614 Pseudoviruses. these findings are of great significance for sars-cov-2 transmission and immune intervention. according to the evolutionary nature of sars-cov-2 RNA genome, antibody therapy and vaccine design may need to be further considered to adapt to d614g and other mutations that may affect the immunogenicity of the virus. spike mutation pipeline returns the emergence of a more transmissible form of sars-cov-2, biorxiv preprint DOI. in May, Bette korber, a researcher at Los Alamos National Laboratory, published a paper pointing out that a new mutant virus is prevalent in Europe and the east coast of the United States, which has a stronger transmission capacity. scientists began to focus on the d614g mutation. a similar conclusion was reached in another study in Serbia. however, according to a number of studies, the 23403 site of the new coronavirus gene sequence mutated from a (adenine) to G (guanine) - induced d614g mutation, and the 614th amino acid of the corresponding spike protein changed from D to g D614g mutation makes the spike protein of virus increase 4-5 times, and make these proteins more stable, and then make the virus more easily to invade human cells. The efficiency can reach 9 times in laboratory environment. The influence of d614g mutation on the infectivity of new coronavirus in real environment remains to be studied. Beijing epidemic virus mutation belongs to d614g mutation, and related cases in Beijing have been reported in many places. For example, the whole genome high-throughput sequencing and sequence analysis of respiratory tract samples of 137th confirmed case in Tianjin by Tianjin CDC were reviewed by China CDC, and confirmed that the virus sequence was identical with that of Beijing Xinfadi market related cases, belonging to l genotype Europe Zhou family branch I. this may cause difficulties in epidemic prevention. at present, Beijing is speeding up the reserve and strengthening the strength of nucleic acid detection in Beijing, so as to further expand the scope of nucleic acid detection. Hubei, Liaoning and other places have also begun to assist Beijing to improve its detection ability, and there is a trend to strengthen community control. therefore, we should be prepared to deal with the normalization and uncertainty of the virus. From a global perspective, the pandemic is far from over, and there are still some fish missing the net after large-scale screening, and it is possible for all parts of the country to raise the alarm again.