Alzheimer dementia: Alzheimer's and stroke share common risk-protection characteristics

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the deposition of amyloid protein (A beta) in brain tissue and can lead to neurodegeneration.
stroke, especially is is blood stroke (IS), is associated with embolism and small vascular disease.
although the causes of AD and stroke suggest different pathogenesis, clinical studies have shown that AD and stroke coexist more by accident than expected, suggesting a possible relationship between the two diseases.
, the relationship between AD and stroke, especially IS, is not fully understood.
AD and IS have developed for a variety of reasons, not a single cause.
there is evidence that vascular lesions, such as atherosclerosis, are associated with cognitive impairment, AD, and neurodegenerative lesions prior to dementia.
lack of pathological evidence, it has been found that vascular conditions associated with stroke, such as high blood pressure and heart disease, are associated with the development of AD.
, however, the association between certain vascular risk factors and AD varies by age.
, middle-age vascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity, increase the risk of AD in later life, but the effects of vascular risk factors on AD in later life are often controversial.
many studies have shown that psychosocial factors, such as social networking, leisure activities and socio-mental health, can reduce the risk of cognitive decline and AD.
, psychosocial factors have been established to protect stroke.
previous studies suggest that stroke and AD may not only share common vascular characteristics, but also benefit from similar protective characteristics associated with mental health.
, identifying common protective psychosocial factors for AD and stroke will prevent older people from developing neither of these diseases.
addition, it is speculated that protective psychosocial factors in later life may increase cognitive reserves, making individuals more sensitive to age-related brain changes or AD-related pathology.
whether these cognitive reserve-related factors can offset the harmful effects of common risk factors on AD and stroke accumulation remains to be seen.
therefore, determining which common risk factors for AD and stroke in old age and clarifying possible common pathophysiology, requires further study.
, Rui Wang of the Karolinska School of Medicine in Sweden and others used data from Sweden's National Patient Registration System to explore the direct relationship between AD and stroke.
their prospective cohort study included 2,459 older people with baseline AD-free and cerebrovascular disease (average age 71.9±10.3 years).
by using Cox regression analysis, these factors are considered to be common risk factors (SRFs) and common protection factors (SPFs) between AD and IS when the risk ratio in the AD and IS models is significant and consistent.
results showed that 132 AD and 260 IS mutually exclusive cases were detected during the 15-year follow-up period.
SRF: low education, sedentary lifestyle and heart disease.
high level of mental health, active participation in leisure activities and a rich social network are SPFs.
have ≥1 SPF in a low-risk population, reducing the risk of AD in the population by 47% and 28% by IS.
have ≥1 SPF in high-risk populations (≥2 SRFs), reducing the risk of AD and IS in the population by 38 percent and 31 percent.
, 57.8% of≥ AD/IS cases are preventable if an individual has one SPF and no SRF.
significance of this study is that spFs appear to be able to counteract the adverse effects of SRFs on AD and IS by discovering common risk/protection characteristics of AD and IS.
original source: Wang, R., Qiu, C., Dintica, C.S., Shang, Y., Larrañaga, A.C., Wang, H. X., samp; Xu, W. Shared risk and factors of between Alzheimer's disease and ische strokemic: A population-longitudinal Association_ _Alzheimer. Freeman Source: MedSci Original Copyright Notice: All text, images and audio and video materials on this website that indicate "Source: Mets Medicine" or "Source: MedSci Originals" are owned by Mets Medical and are not reproduced by any media, website or individual without authorization, and are authorized to be reproduced with the words "Source: Mets Medicine".
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