Alzheimers Dementia: Specific indicators in the blood are closely related to pathological changes in the brain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are often comorbidities in patients with dementia
.

Currently, these disorders are diagnosed through cognitive assessment and neuroimaging studies

vascular diagnostic immunology

The current neuropathological evaluation criteria for AD are the 2012 National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association ("ABC") guidelines , which include three pathological measures
.

Part A, the Thal stage, assesses the distribution of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, noting progression from neocortical brain regions to the brainstem and cerebellum.

guide

VCID includes a variety of cerebrovascular lesions affecting cognition, such as arteriosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and microinfarction
.

Clinically, cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a subtype of VCID characterized by arteriosclerosis and microinfarction, and is diagnosed on the basis of white matter hyperplasia (WMH) seen on magnetic resonance imaging

statistics

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers can serve as diagnostic and prognostic indicators to assist physicians in decision-making and are critical to the rapidly evolving treatment of dementia
.

Currently, several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are available for clinical assessment of Aβ42, Aβ40, and tau levels, which correlate well with the observed neuropathology of AD

Plasma and serum biomarkers, such as the ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40; phosphorylated tau (p-tau) 181, a phosphorylated exon of tau; and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have been used with SiMoAs and ultrasensitive immunization Determination was studied
.

These studies showed a positive correlation between biomarker levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and significant differences between AD patients and controls

Plasma biomarkers are much less expensive than neuroimaging, more accessible to patients, and they are minimally invasive
.

Hereby, Zachary Winder et al.

, University of Kentucky, USA, evaluated a panel of plasma-based angiogenic, inflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers measured in the last two years of life with the neuropathological features of AD and VCID observed at autopsy relationship between

Plasma samples were analyzed with a digital immunoassay, and pathological assessments were performed by neuropathologists at the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Research Center
.

Associations of plasma markers with neuropathology were estimated by proportional odds and logistic regression, adjusted for age

The cases they included (N = 90) showed increases in tau/amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 ratio, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and placental growth factor (PlGF) associated with There was a positive correlation with the increase in the level of neuropathological changes in AD
.

The increase of Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was inversely correlated
.

The increase of Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was inversely correlated
.

Higher PlGF, VEGF-A and IL-6 were inversely associated with chronic cerebrovascular disease, while Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was positively correlated
.

These findings support continued research into plasma biomarkers as clinical screening tools for AD and VCID pathology
.

Plasma biomarkers provide support as clinical screening tools for AD and VCID pathology
.

Original source:
[Winder Z, Sudduth TL, Anderson S, et al.
Examining the association between blood-based biomarkers and human post mortem neuropathology in the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center autopsy cohort .
Alzheimer's & Dementia.
Published online March 10, 2022:alz.
12639.
doi:10.
1002/alz.
12639](https://doi.
org/10.
1002/alz.
12639)

Examining the association between blood‐based biomarkers and human post mortem neuropathology in the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center autopsy cohort