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iNature
Regulating the activity of specific neurons is crucial
in neural circuit anatomy and neuropathy treatment.
As a recently developed strategy, non-genetic neuromodulation of nanomaterials activated by remote physical stimulation has been advanced and has shown great clinical potential
.
However, minimally invasive and high spatiotemporal resolution remain challenging
for non-genetic neuromodulation.
On October 27, 2022, Fang Yin of Tongji University and Zhang Fan of Fudan University jointly published a paper entitled "Transcranial Non-genetic Neuromodulation Via Bioinspired Vesicle-Enabled Precise NIR-II" online in Advanced Materials Optical-stimulation", which reports that second near-infrared (NIR-II) light is obtained from a vesicle-membrane-restricted enzymatic reaction by biomimetic nanovesicles-induced transcranial
non-genetic neurostimulation.
Studies have shown that vesicle-activated NIR-II photothermal stimulation can elicit neuronal signaling dynamics through precise spatiotemporal control, thereby inducing defined neural circuits in non-transgenic mice
.
In addition, vesicle-mediated NIR-II photostimulation can minimally modulate mouse motor behavior
by eliminating luminescent implants.
Biomodulation combined with photoacoustic brain imaging enables controlled and efficient neural modulation
.
This transcranial precision NIR-II optical neuromodulation mediated by biomimetic vesicles shows the potential of
optical-therapeutic diagnostics for neurological diseases in non-GMOs.
that clearly define neuronal populations.
Over the years, progressive electrode technology and optogenetics have made great efforts
in neuromodulation and neural circuit activation.
Until recently, a nanomaterial-based non-genetic neuromodulation strategy with various stimulation modes has attracted widespread attention
.
Nanomaterials can convert external physical inputs (e.
g.
, light, ultrasound, magnetism) into output signals recognized by neurons, enabling remote bioregulation
.
Due to the subcellular size of the nanomaterial, the nanomaterial as the target of stimulation can achieve precise spatial control
.
In addition, the non-genetic neuromodulation achieved by nanomaterials means their clinical potential
for non-GMOs.
Nanomaterial-activated photostimulation uses precise light input to generate acoustic, electrical, mechanical, and thermal stimulation and is a promising strategy
among non-genetic neuromodulation tools.
At present, photosensitive nanoparticles for non-genetic optical neuromodulation are mainly activated by visible light, such as gold nanoparticles, fuzzy graphene, and silicon-based materials
.
Due to the insufficient penetration depth of visible light, luminescent implants or cranial resection are required for precise optical neuromodulation
in vivo.
Invasive implants can cause severe immune responses and irreversible nerve damage
.
Cranioectomy may result in physiological disturbances
.
The second NIR (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) can be used to overcome these problems
thanks to low tissue attenuation and phototoxicity.
However, despite the wide range of applications in deep penetration and transcranial optical therapy diagnostics, transcranial non-genetic neuromodulation studies of NIR-II light have not been conducted
.
Preparation and characterization of biomimetic vesicles for NIR-II neuromodulation (from Advanced Materials) On the other hand, neuromodulation with precise spatiotemporal control is an intrinsic goal
of neurological research.
Classical strategies such as optogenetics can dissect specific neural circuits
by selectively modulating neuronal subtypes.
In the non-genetic neuromodulation supported by nanomaterials, research mainly focuses on the energy transduction properties of nanomaterials, while ignoring spatiotemporal control
.
The application of intense widefield illumination to nanomaterial-activated neuromodulation can lead to pseudo-signaling, nerve damage, and uncontrolled neural circuit activation
.
Therefore, the versatility of nanomaterials must be explored to achieve spatially targeted neural regulation
.
In fact, transcranial imaging techniques based on NIR-II photosensitive nanoparticles have been demonstrated that nanomaterials can identify stimuli with
high contrast and spatial resolution.
Combining emerging brain imaging techniques with neurostimulation strategies will enable effective navigational neuromodulation that avoids widefield illumination
.
Until now, this multimodal integrated neuromodulation strategy has remained unknown
.
Biomimic vesicles were introduced to mediate NIR-II light-induced transcranial non-genetic neurostimulation
.
It was found that under 1064 nm illumination, monomer diversity could improve the enzymatic reaction limited by the vesicle membrane, and polymer-coated vesicles
with strong photothermal ability were obtained.
Millisecond-level NIR-II laser pulses can induce precise spatiotemporal control of neuronal signal dynamics
through membrane capacitance interference induced by photothermal vesicles.
Vesicle-activated NIR-II photostimulation can stimulate neurons in target brain regions and activate defined neural circuits
in nontransgenic mice without implanting a fiber.
30.
2% of the 1064 nm intensity light can penetrate the mouse skull and scalp, and the transcranial motor behavior regulation
is realized by remote NIR-II optical stimulation.
In addition, injected vesicles can induce transcranial NIR-II photoacoustic imaging (PAI), giving transcranial nerve regulation high spatial resolution
.
This biomimetic vesicle-activated NIR-II neurostimulation will provide opportunities
for minimally invasive and precise bioregulation of non-GMOs.
Informational message: https://onlinelibrary.
wiley.
com/doi/10.
1002/adma.
202208601
—END—
The content is 【iNature】
