Analysis of the current development of industrial wastewater treatment industry Four major measures to prevent pollution

Analysis of the development status of industrial wastewater treatment industry
In order to achieve sustainable development, under the background of rapid industrial development, the state has taken a series of measures to adjust the industrial structure appropriately, and achieved good results. On the whole, the total amount of industrial wastewater discharge is gradually decreasing, but there are still serious environmental pollution problems, but also from a technical point of view, to improve this aspect of attention, do a good job of prevention and control measures research, and strive to fundamentally improve the problem of wastewater pollution.
water pollution is generally a three-stage process, that is, black odor hypoxia, heavy metal content exceeds the standard, and over-nutrition and toxic chemicals content is high
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. At present, the speed of urban construction is accelerated, untreated or untreated wastewater is discharged directly into the natural water system, the three-level process pollution phenomenon is serious. Many industrial enterprises have relatively low added value, can not fully bear the high operating costs, especially for the degradation of difficult industrial wastewater, in order to control economic costs, many enterprises relaxed the treatment of wastewater control, resulting in increased pollution. The purpose of illegal sewage discharge is to reduce production costs, improve production profits, increase the performance of leaders, and pass on the costs that should be borne by enterprises to the state and society, which not only causes social pollution, but also endangers the efficiency of comprehensive social development.
In China's industrial wastewater emissions decreased year by year
According to the "China's industrial wastewater treatment industry development prospects forecast and investment strategic planning analysis report" statistics, from 2013 to 2017, China's industrial wastewater emissions showed a downward trend, mainly due to industrial upgrading and the government's sustained efforts in industrial pollution prevention and control. China's industrial wastewater emissions were 21 billion tons in 2013 and fell to 20 billion tons in 2015. China's industrial wastewater emissions fell to 19.1 billion tons by 2017. China's industrial wastewater emissions are expected to fall to 18.7 billion tons in 2018. China's industrial wastewater emissions are forecast to fall to 17.1 billion tons by 2022.
2013-2022 China's industrial wastewater emissions statistics and forecast
data sources: Forward-looking Industrial Research Institute finishing
in-industrial wastewater pollution prevention and control necessity
1, industrial wastewater pollution is serious.
contains more pollutants in industrial wastewater, including chemical, physical and biological types. Chemical pollutants, i.e. water pollution caused by chemicals, such as common acids, alkalis, salt inorganics, lead, mercury and other heavy metal pollutants, aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic pollutants, in addition to nutrients, oil pollutants and aerobic pollutants. Physical pollutants mainly include thermal pollution, suspended substances pollution, radioactive pollution and so on. Biological pollution means that sewage is brought into various pathogenic microorganisms and viruses.
2, industrial wastewater has a greater impact.
Industrial wastewater emissions are relatively large, and wastewater treatment measures are not implemented in place, resulting in many wastewater did not meet professional discharge standards directly into other water bodies, resulting in natural water system pollution, destructive and cumulative biological lesions, the impact on human health is greater, such as digestive tract, respiratory tract, skin diseases and other conditions, serious and even cancer. In particular, the radioactive material contained in wastewater, can destroy human cell tissue, make people appear nausea, vomiting, dizziness and other problems, serious conditions can even cause damage or death to the body.
the main pollutants and their hazards in industrial wastewater
there are many kinds of pollutants in the wastewater. According to the harm caused by wastewater to environmental pollution, it can be divided into solid pollutants, oxygen demand pollutants, organic pollutants, oil pollutants, toxic pollutants, biological pollutants, acid-base pollutants, nutritional pollutants, sensory pollutants and thermal pollution. Solid contaminants are present in water in three forms: suspended matter, gel and dissolved solids.
of solid suspended matter: when water is contaminated by suspended matter, and then a large number of discharge into the natural water body, will cause the water body turbidity, color change. Suspended matter that will sink on its own will be deposited at the bottom of the water body, which will endanger the reproduction of water benthic organisms and affect fishery production; Any substance in wastewater that consumes dissolved oxygen in water through biochemical or chemical action is collectively referred to as an oxygen demand pollutant. The vast majority of oxygen demand pollutants are organic matter, inorganic only Fe, Fe2 plus, S2-, CN-and so on.
, aerobic pollutants are generally referred to as organic pollutants. Oil pollutants are mainly "oil" and "animal and vegetable oil" organic compounds. Chemicals in wastewater that can cause toxic reactions to organisms are toxic pollutants. Nutritional pollutants, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater are the main nutrients of plants and microorganisms.
If these nutrients enter lakes, rivers, seas and other bodies of water in large quantities, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of more than 0.2 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, respectively, will cause the water body to be denified, algae and plankton rapidly multiply, water dissolved oxygen decline, resulting in a large number of sudden death of fish and other organisms.
four major pollution prevention and control measures for industrial wastewater
1, physical treatment methods.
methods to treat industrial wastewater pollution are mainly based on the physical properties of pollutants in wastewater, such as quality, density, etc., so as to achieve the purpose of separation of pollutants from water in wastewater, that is, to play an effective role in purifying water resources. Physical methods can be divided into physical adsorption, physical separation and electrolyte. Physical adsorption mainly uses activated carbon, alum (SO4) 2.12H2O and other water purification agents, adsorption of a large number of impurities in sewage. Physical separation is the use of boiling point of different, heating wastewater, thus separating pure water and wastewater. Of course, electrolytic water can also be used to separate impurities in the water, and ultimately achieve the goal of purifying wastewater.
2, chemical governance methods.
Chemical methods to treat industrial wastewater pollution mainly by adding chemical substances, chemical reactions with the pollution substances in wastewater, the process methods are: acid-base meso-ionization method, redox method (Fenton oxidation, ozone oxidation, wet oxidation), coagulation method and sewage treatment agents. The advantage of chemical method is that the pollution control efficiency is high, the disadvantage is to change the chemical properties of wastewater at the same time, but also may produce new conse also bring about secondary pollution. The neutralization method is to make industrial wastewater neutral by regulating the acidity and alkalinity in industrial wastewater. This is because most of the industrial wastewater is strong acidic, these strong acidic wastewater will bring serious hidden dangers and hazards to the human body and ecological environment, so the use of alkaline substances will be neutral and can reduce the potential for pollution. In recent years, with the continuous development of chemistry, more and more oxidants have emerged, the emergence of these oxidants for the development of oxidation method provides an effective raw material.
, such as Fenton-type oxidation, ultrasonic oxidation, photo catalytic oxidation, etc., can effectively reduce pollutants in industrial wastewater. Using oxidation method to treat industrial wastewater can not only reduce or even avoid the damage caused by wastewater to human body and ecological environment, but also the oxidized wastewater can be recycled and reused, which improves the recycling utilization rate of industrial wastewater. The principle of coagulation is to bring together substances in sewage, form large particles of a certain particle size, and then separate them from industrial wastewater. Coagulation is one of the common methods for treating and purifying industrial wastewater. Industrial wastewater generally contains a large amount of suspended small particles, the surface of these small particles are generally charged.
3, the classification of industrial wastewater collection and treatment.
classification collection and treatment of industrial wastewater refers to the classification and collection of different industrial wastewater according to its different water quality characteristics, and then for different types of industrial wastewater to adopt targeted treatment technology. For example, industrial wastewater containing precious metals (gold, silver, nickel, etc.) can be collected and treated separately, so that these precious metals can be recovered, but also reduce the possibility of industrial wastewater heavy metals exceeding the standard, but also to create additional value for enterprises. Industrial wastewater containing waste acid should also be recycled separately. The appropriate amount of acid reserticant can be added to the industrial wastewater to filter out the oil and heavy metals in the waste acid, so as to realize the recycling of the acid. This not only reduces the amount of alkali, but also reduces the use of new acids, ultimately reducing not only the cost of treatment, but also the cost of production. 4,
4, improve wastewater treatment and recycling technology.
In addition to centralized and classified treatment of industrial wastewater, scientific management methods, advanced treatment techniques and improved industrial wastewater treatment processes should be introduced to enable sewage treatment plants to adapt quickly to changes in industrial wastewater, thus effectively improving the efficiency of treatment of industrial wastewater. There are many treatment methods for industrial wastewater, and enterprises and sewage treatment plants should take effective treatment measures according to the different water quality characteristics of industrial wastewater.
prevention and control of industrial wastewater pollution is of great significance to improve the efficiency of comprehensive social development. It is necessary to clarify the causes of pollution problems, take targeted measures to optimize, improve the management system, and clarify the economic responsibility units, improve the awareness of enterprises and the public about wastewater management, and curb the occurrence of random discharge of wastewater.