Analysis of the reasons that restrict the use of water transfer agents (microbial agents).

Water transfer agents and so-called water changes, substrates, etc. can be collectively referred to as microbial preparations, in the actual use of the process, sometimes effective but sometimes ineffective or not very effective, spent money does not necessarily have an effect, people wonder and puzzle.
in fact, the main reason is due to the wide disparity in water quality.
the analysis is as follows: 1 Environmental factors Most microbial preparations are used in non-controllable cultured water bodies, environmental factors (e.g. dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, temperature, DH value, etc. and weather conditions) will have a certain impact on the effectiveness of the use of microbial preparations.
1.1 Dissolved oxygen in dissolved oxygen water will affect the growth rate of aerobic bacteria and the efficiency of oxidation and decomposition of pollutants.
The current microbial preparation of bacillus spores for aerobic bacteria (or both), nitrification bacteria for strict aerobic bacteria, the use of products containing such live bacteria, we must maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water body, in order to maintain rapid bacteria reproduction and effective decomposition of pollutants.
To nitrification bacteria as an example, after each milligram of nitrogen through the entire nitrification pathway, ammonia into nitrate needs 4.57 mg of dissolved oxygen to "remove" nitrogen-containing substances released by electrons, so maintaining a high dissolved oxygen is necessary for nitrification bacteria, research shows that the water dissolved oxygen is at least greater than 2 mg/L is necessary for nitrification bacteria to carry out normal nitrification reaction.
the bottom of the pond will affect the use of biological bottom change.
most farmers prefer particle-type biological bottom change, they think that since it is a bottom change, of course, to sink to the bottom of the pond to better function.
but the bottom of the pond is the most polluted area, especially in the middle and late breeding, the bottom of the accumulation of oxygen depletion factors tend to make the bottom dissolved oxygen exhausted, if the biological bottom change is not resistant to low oxygen strains (0.5 to 1.5 mg/L), then these bacteria in the oxygen-deprived environment growth and reproduction is not ideal, although directly to the bottom, but most of the bacteria sleep or not reproduce, or even die, even if the input a lot of bacteria is not helpful.
some bio-substrate modifiers are recommended for use with oxygen-boosting powders (particles), but also to promote the effect of bio-substrate changes by increasing dissolved oxygen.
size of 1.2 alkalinity-pH and salinity alkalinity to measure the size of the water buffer capacity.
in algae photocoporization, low alkaline water bodies (CaC0 content of 50 mg/L) have greater pH fluctuations than high water bodies (CaCO content of 80 to 150 mg/L).
Each bacteria has an optimal pH range, and too large pH fluctuations can affect the effects of microbial preparations, such as nitrification bacteria, although various nitrite bacteria and nitric acid bacteria grow different pH, but they all grow well in a micro-alkaline reaction environment, the change in DH value is obvious.
bacteria such as Nitrobaeter have ADH sms of 8.3 to 9-3, generally best grown under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions.
nitrification bacteria products need to maintain a high alkalinity of cultured water bodies in order to play a good role, theoretically calculating the nitrification bacteria oxidation of 1 mg N-NH, need to consume 7.14 mg alkalinity.
the bottom of the pond serious pollution, fermentation produced by the accumulation of organic acids, the alkalinity is too low, will make the bottom pH is very low, will seriously affect the spore microbiology on the bottom of the pond to improve the effect.
some bacteria are not resistant to high salinity, the high mortality rate of live bacteria after watering in products is also one of the reasons for the effect.
1-3 weather conditions most microbial preparations in 20 to 3O C has a relatively good activity, water temperature of less than 10 degrees C when the activity is significantly reduced, in the use of microbial preparations should pay attention to the effect of water temperature on product effects.
weather will affect the reproduction of algae and water color changes, for water color changes to test the product of farmers, it is best to use microbial preparations on a sunny morning.
Nitrite bacteria are very sensitive to near UV bands, strong lighting has a greater impact on nitrite bacteria, so the transparency of cultured water when using nitrite bacterial products should not be too large, or choose the right time to use will have a better effect.
1.4 Nutritional deficiency or excessive bacteria into the water body after the rate of reproduction and the nutritional level of the water body has a great relationship.
generally believethat that bacterial growth on the water c, N, P utilization rate 100:5:1.
if the water body is too thin, or the nutritional composition is single or unbalanced, some of the hetero-breeding bacteria-based live bacteria preparations will not reproduce in large numbers, the use of live bacteria is almost ineffective, at this time should be appropriateto supplement the lack of nutrients in the water body to achieve better results.
such as for anti-nitrification bacteria, boDJTN in the water body, need to supplement the carbon source in order to have a better denitrification, otherwise even if the conditions of anti-nitrification are met, in the later stageof breeding microbiological agents more and more water color.
The presence of appropriate amounts of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide or organic matter is necessary, because bacteria can only obtain energy survival and reproduction on this basis, but excess will also have toxic effects on microorganisms, such as non-ionized ammonia for nitrified bacteria is a trace toxic effect, when the concentration of non-ion ammonia reached 8 mg/L, can inhibit nitrification bacteria.
the accumulation of too much nitrite can also inhibit nitrate bacteria, so we should take full account of the effect of these factors on the effectiveness of product use when using microbial preparations.
1.5 Other environmental factors such as the presence of bacterial-eating wheelworms in water bodies, and the use of zoonotic animals such as pheranguts in large numbers will affect the effectiveness of use.
high levels of chemicals such as heavy metals or pesticides in other water can have an impact on the effectiveness of microbial preparations.
2 use of the use of domestic biological agents, farmers have increased dose (or double) and according to the habit of increasing the amount of water depth, good product dosage is not more the better, too many bacteria in the water body will lead to ecological imbalance in the pond, algal damage (mostly in the fragile ecosystem film pool, too many bacteria and algae competition nutrition), dissolved oxygen reduction and cultureanimals have a stress response, and too little bacteria can not achieve a good effect.
how many bacteria per acre of cultured water will be cost-effective? This is related to the bacterial activity of the product, matching technology, production process, the survival rate and reproduction of bacteria after entering the water body, as well as the water environment and other factors, has not yet been reported in this regard.
But the actual experience shows that most of the domestic microbial preparation products in the amount of bacteria per use in 100 billion to 500 billion cfu / 667 m, some even more, a few foreign similar products 20 billion to 50 billion cfu / 667mz can achieve good results.
to avoid excessive use of breeding production caused harm, should be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, pay attention to use in the morning, and start the oxygen booster.
and use in the following cases according to 50% of the recommended dosage, a small number of times (3 to 4 days to use 1 time) :(1) rainy weather.
(2) insufficient oxygenation equipment.
(3) the water color is very light or the water color is not stable. the
(4) alkalinity is unknown or very low.
(5) film pool, etc.
2.2 whether long-term use adhere to the regular use from the pre-farming period, reduce the accumulation of pollutants, the sooner the application effect will be more obvious.
if the late water and mud pollution is serious when the use of microbial agents, at this time the water and bottom environment is poor, the concentration of harmful substances is very high, is no longer the best environment for microbial growth, in a very short time to ask the micro-organisms alone is difficult to achieve a good effect.
Practical experience shows that to maintain a stable water color and algae balance should be used regularly, the best 7 to 10 days to use once, in order to increase the transparency of the water body or improve the density of algae is very strong condition, 3 to 4 days to use once, continuous use 2-3 times.
2.3 whether the microbial preparation has a correct understanding of microbial preparations is mainly to improve water quality and substrate environment, balance algae phase to stabilize water color, inhibit harmful bacteria, reduce stress response and so on.
But there are a lot of misconceptions about farmers using microbial preparations: some people have a negative negative attitude that microbial preparations don't work much and don't care, that is, they use them and pay for psychological comfort."
some people hold a positive negative attitude, microbiological agents as drugs, positioning as emergency products, think that the use of microbial agents will not become ill or be able to treat diseases, high expectations are often high to high standards of testing, when not achieved the desired effect, most farmers will give up the use of microbial agents.
without exploring the specific cause.
some people have a impatient blind attitude, the pursuit of immediate effect, can not achieve the effect of immediate replacement of products, a variety of microbial agents are bought a little, one can not exchange for another, and finally do not know which one is in the role, these one-sided concept in practice will affect the effect of microbial agents.
2-4 farmers have some experience of farmers have a certain degree of water measurement or product use experience, can better reflect the use of microbial agents.
if the use of simple test tools to determine water quality, some indicators are beyond the scope of the measurement, there are many farmers do not dilute after the measurement, which will mask the effect of microbial agents.
through the change of water color to see the effect of microbial agents, especially pre-breeding supplement deficiencies of nutrition is easy to reflect the effect.
2.5 Other use of problematic microbial agents and strong oxidizing substances or disinfectants at the same time or the interval between the two is not enough, after the use of a large number of water changes, etc. will affect the effect of microbial agents.
3 Product Problem 3.1 strains did not produce targeted enzymes or products without targeted strain pollutants decomposition mainly by bacteria metabolism process produced enzymes to complete, different sources or different screening methods produced strains will have different enzyme strains.
other breeding area span is large, water quality is very different, breeding model is diverse, management level is not the same, to achieve a product in the above different circumstances have a good stable effect, strain-producing enzyme species reasonable ratio and balanced complement is particularly important.
if the lack of targeted enzymes or strains in the product, will affect the use of the effect, such as the well-known photosynthesis bacteria on the decomposition of high-molecular organic matter effect has no low-molecular fatty acids, alcohols, aromatic compounds and so on is an example.
, in addition, do not rule out some production enterprises in pursuit of profit, the production of inferior products.
3.2 multi-carrier stoicized or solid fermentation infection of hybrids, product quality and use effect will be affected.
there is a part of the current market microbiological agents need to be activated before use, activation is to increase the number of bacteria, if the product needs activation shows that the amount of bacteria is not enough, manufacturers can increase the number of bacteria from the factory products to omit the breeding process.
activation not only causes inconvenience to use, but also has potential risks.
because farmers usually use brown sugar, bran and other very simple medium and pond water, as well as no filtered bacteria of air for inflatable expansion, will change the ratio between the product strains and can not estimate the amount of bacteria into the water body, will also make product pollution of the hybrid effect, and even produce side effects.
3.3 The activity of microbial preparations stored in
products is affected by factors such as temperature, humidity, oxidation, acidity, storage time, mechanical friction and extrusion.
in the purchase of products on the one hand to pay attention to the date of production and shelf life, which involves the number of live bacteria and the use of the effect.
quality of liquid products is relatively short, the shelf life of goods is generally marked as 12 months, the best in 6 months to use as a good.
powder commodity shelf life is common l2 months, 18 months, 24 months, to spore spore state can be maintained for about 24 months, for non-spore powder unless special treatment, shelf life is generally about l2 months, powder after opening the best use, or to prevent the germination of moist bacteria.
other hand, the products purchased are stored in a cool, ventilated, dry place to keep the bacteria active.
if the bacteria have aged, the activity decay, the enzyme system is incomplete, the material stored in the cell has been consumed almost, then into a new environment has a relatively long recovery process, and even water survival rate is very low, which seriously affects the use of microbial agents.
in short, farmers should as far as possible understand the factors affecting the effect of microbial agents, in practical applications, improve the use of microbial agents value, so as to create greater benefits for aquaculture production.
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