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Scientists have found a way to use chemotherapy drugs to dramatically enhance the efficacy of the world's most effective antimalarial drugs, according to a new study published in Nature Communications. Scientists from the University of Melbourne and Japanese drug company Takeda have found that the antimalarial drug artemisinin is effective by attacking the deadly malaria parasite with a dual effect. The drug damages proteins on the surface of the malaria parasite and clogs the plasmodium's waste disposal system, the protease.
Leann Tilley, a malaria researcher at the University of Melbourne, said: "The double-killing effect means that the combination of artemisinin and another cancer chemotherapy drug targeting proteases to enhance artemisinin activity can effectively restore artemisinin's ability to fight artemisinin-resistant pathogens.
about 450,000 people die each year from malaria worldwide, and pathogens in South-East Asia have developed artemisinin resistance, which could spread to Greater Africa in the near future.
", the parasite's protease is like a shredder that can tear up damaged or useless proteins. Tilley said. Treating malaria parasites with artemisinin produces many damaged proteins. Artemisinin and protease inhibitors can join forces to block this path. "Inhibiting proteases can cause damaged proteins to accumulate, which is one of the hallmarks of the kiss of death. But when these damaged proteins build up, they can put pressure on the parasites and eventually kill them.
Tilley and her team worked with Takeda and the Swiss Nonprofit Research Foundation's Malaria Drug Project to try to find inhibitors that specificly inhibit the plasmodium plasmodium protease in order to get into clinical trials as quickly as possible. "We are now conducting pharmaceutical chemistry research to try to develop inhibitors similar to human protease inhibitors to specificly inhibit the proteases of pathogens." Professor Tilley said. "We want a drug that can be used orally and can be present in the blood for a long time, and if we can find the right drug, we will start clinical trials in humans as soon as possible." (Bio Valley)