Application and development trend of microbial fermentation engineering in feed industry

Feed and food production have always been the weak link of our national economyDue to the impact of population growth, reduced arable land and increased consumption of meat food, the balance of food supply and demand in China is very fragileChina's per capita share of grain has been below 400 kg, of which about 40% of the total grain production for feed productionIn the long-term shortage of cultivated land and water resources, China's grain production has been difficult to increaseThe shortage of feed resources has long restricted the development of animal husbandry in China, especially the serious shortage of protein feed has become a global problemDeveloping an efficient feed industry, improving the efficiency of grain-to-livestock products and feed utilization, and developing new feed raw materials are excellent ways to meet the people's increasing demand for meat, poultry, fish and eggsthe use of biotechnology, especially microbial fermentation technology to develop new feed resources, the production of protein feed and new additives have been paid more and more attentionEspecially after entering the 21st century, the use of microbial production of feed proteins, enzymes, amino acids, vitamins, antibiotics and probiotic microbiology agents and other feed products have made fermentation engineering technology in the feed industry has been more widely usedfermentation engineering fermentation engineering, also known as microbial engineering, is an important branch of bioengineeringFermentation engineering mainly studies the engineering and technical problems of common significance of microorganisms in fermentation engineering, such as the selection, activation and expansion of microbial species, the design and screening of the medium, sterilization technology, the control technology of fermentation process conditions, the large-scale culture of cells, the separation of products and the design of the production processFermentation engineering can be divided into solid fermentation and liquid fermentationSolid fermentation has a long history, as early as 2500 years ago there is a chinese medicine god music solid fermentation productionBroadly speaking, a class of processes using insoluble solid matrix to culture microorganisms, including deep fermentation of solid salutation in liquids, but also the process of growing microorganisms on wet solid materials without (or with little or no free water)In most cases, it is a biological reaction process fermented with one or more microorganisms in an insoluble solid matrix with a certain humidity in the absence or almost no free watersolid fermentation has the following advantages compared to liquid fermentation:(1) medium is simple and widely sourced, mostly cheap natural substrates or industrial production of the footmaterials, such as straw, bran, potato, vinegar, etc. ; Highyield is higher,(4) do not require wastewater treatment, less environmental pollution, easy after-treatment processing,(5) fermentation process generally do not require strict sterile operation,(6) ventilation can generally be done by gas diffusion or intermittent ventilation, do not need continuous ventilation, air generally does not need strict sterile airbut heat transfer and mass transfer difficulties caused by fermentation engineering are also new problems in the solid fermentation processThe process of liquid fermentation is characterized by the use of liquid medium for microbial growth and reproduction and the formation of the metabolites neededLiquid fermentation is divided into liquid surface fermentation, liquid deep ventilation fermentation, liquid anaerobic fermentation method 3 kindsAmong them, liquid deep ventilation fermentation is a common method used in modern fermentation industry, and this method is used in china's antibiotic fermentation, amino acid production, vitamin fermentation, enzyme fermentation, etc2 fermentation technology in the feed industrymicrobial fermentation feed microbial fermentation feed is mainly yeast and its related products, is based on yeast-based multi-bacterial fermentation, the use of raw materials are very wide, involving rice bran, straw, blood powder, cake and a variety of food industry underfoot materialsMicrobial fermentation feed shows strong advantages in improving feed protein, improving palatability, improving digestion and absorptionYeast cultures are unique yeast products that are fermented by specific yeast species according to specific processes and culturesIt contains a certain amount of active yeast, the main use value lies in the yeast cells in the medium produced metabolites and cell wall glucoseIn the hot season, the sugar can maintain its feeding volume, help the hen to increase egg weight and the elderly hen to maintain good eggshell quality, improve the feed utilization rate, and improve the egg-laying rate of the henAnother product of fermented feed is silage feed, which has always been an important position in the research and application of microbial silage inoculationin North America and European countries, microbial silage additives have been widely used in the production of silage feed, and their effects have been confirmed and accepted in the field of research and productionTraditional silage technology in the process of silage loss of nutrients is large, easy to corrupt However, microbial silage can effectively control the fermentation mode of silage feed, reduce the loss of silage feed, and can effectively improve the oral ity of silage feed microbiome to produce vitamin calcium perunate as a vitamin feed additive, in livestock and poultry breeding plays an important role Near domestic screening has been high-yield D a pantorted acid hydrolysis enzyme microbial strains, DL a pantonomer intermediate split, product quality can meet the production requirements of D a panic calcium, technology can be industrialization