Babies born in 2020 have low social and exercise levels, and those infected with Omicron are younger and have lighter clinical manifestations New crown research progress in one week

Complement activation induces excessive T cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 patients

Complement activation induces excessive T cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 patients

Source: Cell

Source: Cell Source: Cell

A recent study published in Cell shows that complement activation in severe COVID-19 patients can make their T cells excessively toxic, while the associated symptoms in critically ill patients may be associated with a dysregulated immune response and unrestrained immunopathology.
related
.

The researchers combined single-cell transcriptomics, single-cell proteomics with mechanistic studies to assess the function and inducing signals of pathogenic T cells, and found increased cytotoxic function of highly activated CD16+ T cells in critically ill patients with COVID-19
.

Expression of CD16 has not been found to allow immune complex-mediated, T-cell receptor-independent degranulation and cytotoxicity in other diseases

The production of C3a is increased in CD16+ cytotoxic T cells in critically ill patients with COVID-19
.

The proportion of activated CD16+ T cells and plasma levels of complement proteins upstream of C3a were associated with the risk of death in patients with COVID-19, suggesting that increased T cell toxicity and complement activation put patients at increased risk of severe disease or death

Protein in urine can be used as a classification standard for the severity of the new crown

Protein in urine can be used as a classification standard for the severity of the new crown

Source: Cell Research

Source: Cell Research Source: Cell Research

On December 27, 2021, a study published in "Cell Research" found that the urine of patients with new coronary pneumonia is a completely non-invasive biological sample, and the biomolecules obtained from the urine can be sensitive reflect the pathological state of the body
.

This study comprehensively interprets the abnormally altered molecules and signaling pathways in the multi-omics data of the urine and blood of patients with new coronary pneumonia, and speculates on the changes and regulatory mechanisms of the molecular pathway levels caused by the new coronavirus in patients: inflammatory responses triggered by immune disorders, The coagulation reaction and cellular fibrosis can eventually damage kidney tissue
.

Clinical data also show that although the indicators of various types of renal injury in severe patients are still within the normal range, they have undergone significant changes compared with the healthy control group
.

The study also proposes to pay close attention to the clinical indications of kidney damage in patients with new crowns, and to maintain follow-up observation of kidney function after recovery from new crowns

France finds new coronavirus variant

France finds new coronavirus variant

Source: medRxiv

Source: medRxiv Source: medRxiv

On December 29, 2021, a study on the medical and teaching research of Mediterranean infectious diseases in Marseille, France, uploaded on the preprint platform medRxiv, pointed out that a new variant strain of the new coronavirus was found, and the variant strain number was B.
1.
640.
2 , also known as the "IHU" variant
.

This variant contains 46 mutation points and 37 deletions, of which the mutation points include two mutations N501Y and E484K that have been found in Omicron, and 9 deletions are located in the viral spike protein
.

The World Health Organization has listed the strain as a variant of the new coronavirus under observation

The French epidemic report pointed out that the B.
1.
640 variant spread in France at a low level.
In all tests, the strain accounted for about 0.
6% from December 6 to 12, and rose to 0.
9 from December 13 to 19.
%, mainly in northern France and Normandy
.

Omicron-infected patients have milder, younger-looking clinical manifestations

Omicron-infected patients have milder and younger clinical manifestations

Source: JAMA

Source: JAMA Source: JAMA

On December 30, 2021, a study published in the "Journal of the American Medical Association" (JAMA) pointed out that the clinical manifestations of Omicron infection were milder
.

The research team compared the clinical manifestations of 6,342 infected patients at the peak of the delta epidemic with 2,351 infected patients at the peak of the Omicron epidemic in 49 hospitals in South Africa
.

The results showed that the infected people in the Omicron peak were younger and had significantly fewer complications, fewer clinical manifestations of acute dyspnea, and a significantly lower proportion of patients requiring oxygen and ventilator treatment

Serum after 3 doses of vaccine has high neutralizing activity against Omicron variant

Serum after 3 doses of vaccine has high neutralizing activity against Omicron variant

Source: Nature

Source: Nature Source: Nature

In a study published online in Nature on December 31, 2021, recovered serum, two doses of mRNA vaccine, three doses of mRNA vaccine, two or three doses of vaccine after infection were evaluated, etc.
The humoral immune response to the Omicron mutants in 8 cases, it was found that the serum of recovered patients or two doses of vaccine sera had almost no neutralizing activity against Ormicon mutants, but if three doses of vaccine were administered, or two doses of vaccine were administered after infection.
To three doses of vaccine, although the neutralizing titer of serum to Omicron variant strain still decreased by 7.
5-16.
7 times compared with the wild type, it still has high neutralizing activity, so it can achieve high protection
.

The study pointed out that although the neutralizing activity of various sera to Omicron variant was significantly decreased, the decrease in the binding capacity of serum for S protein (5.
2 times), RBD (2.
4 times) and NTD (1.
4 times) was very small.
That is, although the neutralizing antibody titer decreased, the total antibody titer including neutralization was produced with less change
.

Babies born in year 1 of COVID-19 have low levels of social and motor skills development

Babies born in year 1 of COVID-19 have low levels of social and motor skills development

Source: JAMA Pediatrics

Source: JAMA Pediatrics Source: JAMA Pediatrics

A study published in JAMA Pediatrics on January 4, 2022, found that babies born in the first year of the pandemic were less likely to be born at 6 months of age than babies born before the pandemic.
had lower scores on screening tests for social and motor skills development, and this was not related to whether their mothers had contracted Covid-19 during pregnancy
.

The researchers compared the neurodevelopmental status of 227 infants born during the new coronavirus pandemic, whose mothers were not infected with the new coronavirus during pregnancy, with 62 infants born before the pandemic at about 6 months of age
.

Assessments include motor skills, communication skills, problem-solving skills, and personal social skills

The results showed that infants born during the epidemic had significantly lower scores on athletic ability and personal social skills
.

The researchers say parental stress during the pandemic may have contributed to such differences, but the infants showed only a slight slowdown in neurodevelopment and did not necessarily affect the individual's future development

Self-amplifying mRNA Covid-19 vaccine is expected to provide protection against multiple variants

Self-amplifying mRNA Covid-19 vaccine is expected to provide protection against multiple variants

Source: Gritstonebio

Source: Gritstonebio Source: Gritstonebio

On January 4, 2022, Gritstonebio announced the latest positive data from a Phase I clinical trial of its second-generation T-cell-enhanced self-amplifying mRNA (samRNA) new crown vaccine
.

The results of the first cohort showed that after inoculation with a 10 μg dose level of the samRNA vaccine booster, subjects exhibited a strong neutralizing antibody response to the 2019-nCoV spike protein and effectively increased CD8-positive T cells against non-spike protein antigens level
.

In terms of safety, the vaccine was well tolerated, with no grade 3/4 adverse events or unexpected reactogenic or safety events

Cellular microparticles are expected to become a new strategy for the treatment of new crowns

Cellular microparticles are expected to become a new strategy for the treatment of new crowns

Source: Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Source: Cellular & Molecular Immunology Source: Cellular & Molecular Immunology

In a work published in Cellular & Molecular Immunology on January 4, 2022, the research team engineered a protein rich in oxidized cholesterol and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).
Cell microparticles, ACE2 on the surface of the microparticles combined with the new coronavirus can assist alveolar macrophages to engulf more new coronaviruses, providing a new strategy for the treatment of new coronary pneumonia
.

The researchers engineered cellular microparticles, a type of extracellular vesicles from the cell membrane with an average diameter of 500 nm that have been used in the clinic, to enrich them with oxidized cholesterol and ACE2
.
ACE2 on the surface of microparticles binds to the new coronavirus and can assist alveolar macrophages to engulf more viruses
.
At the same time, the oxidized cholesterol carried by the microparticles inhibits the endosome proton pump, making its capsule more alkaline, which can inhibit the separation of the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid from the viral particle components, thereby being delivered to the lysosome for degradation
.
The results of microparticle treatment of mice with new coronary pneumonia showed that not only the viral load in the mice was reduced, but related inflammatory factors were also significantly inhibited
.

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