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Introduction: If this connection is further proved to be a causal relationship, men may be encouraged to increase their coffee consumption to potentially reduce the risk of prostate cancer.
Pixabay prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of death from cancer in men.
It is estimated that nearly three-quarters of prostate cancer cases occur in developed countries.
Since the 1970s, the incidence of prostate cancer has also increased rapidly in some Asian countries, such as China, Singapore and Japan.
The incidence in these countries has been much lower than that in some Western countries.
Therefore, the primary prevention of prostate cancer is a major public health problem worldwide.
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages.
As it continues to spread worldwide, even a small impact on personal health may have a significant impact on public health.
In industrialized countries, coffee is the main source of caffeine, caffeol and antioxidants.
Its various components, such as caffeine, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, can potentially affect the development of cancer through a variety of carcinogenic pathways.
A negative correlation between coffee intake and cancer risk has been observed in the liver, colorectal, and breast.
However, previous studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the relationship between drinking coffee and the risk of prostate cancer.
Although early cohort studies did not find a connection between the two, 15 recent studies conducted in major Western countries such as the United States, Sweden, and the United Kingdom reported that drinking coffee is associated with a lower risk of local and advanced prostate cancer.
In Japan, a country where coffee is becoming more and more popular, a cohort study also found that drinking coffee was significantly negatively correlated with the risk of prostate cancer.
Recently, a new paper published on BMJ Open conducted a meta-analysis of these cohort studies and systematically reviewed the relationship between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk.
Let's find out! This is a meta-analysis based on research level data.
It does not involve personal level data, nor does it define research questions or outcome measures.
PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were used to conduct literature search as of September 2020, with the following keywords: coffee and prostate (cancer or cancer or neoplasm or tumor).
In the meta-analysis, RR estimates were used to measure the relationship between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk.
The researchers aggregated the RR estimates for the highest and lowest categories of coffee consumption in a particular study.
The subgroup analysis was stratified according to study location, prostate cancer stage and potential confounding factors adjustment, including prostate specific antigen (PSA) test history, prostate cancer family history, total energy intake, smoking, drinking, physical activity, weight Index (BMI) or history of diabetes.
Since the PSA test was performed after 1986, 32 studies whose follow-up period ended before 1986 were classified as PSA-adjusted groups.
In order to explore the impact of each study on the summary results, a sensitivity analysis was also performed, one study was excluded at a time, and the meta-analysis method was repeated.
Finally, 16 prospective cohort studies were included, including 57732 cases of prostate cancer and 1081586 cohort members.
The more coffee you drink, the lower your risk of prostate cancer.
Compared with the lowest coffee consumption category, the combined relative risk (RR) of the highest coffee consumption category is 0.
91 (95% CI 0.
84-0.
98), I2 = 53.
2%).
There is a significant linear trend in the correlation (linear trend p=0.
006).
For every additional cup of coffee per day, the combined RR is 0.
988 (95% CI 0.
981 to 0.
995). For local, advanced, and fatal prostate cancer, the combined RRs were 0.
93 (95% CI 0.
87-0.
99), 0.
88 (95% CI 0.
71-1.
09), and 0.
84 (95% CI 0.
66-1.
08), respectively.
No evidence of publication bias was found in this meta-analysis.
The dose-response relationship between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk.
Forest plot between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk, stratified by cancer stage.
One advantage of this study is the inclusion of prospective cohort studies.
Cohort studies can minimize the risk of selection and recall bias, which is the main focus of case-control design.
In addition, the large number of cohort members and prostate cancer cases ensured sufficient statistical power to detect even small effects.
In addition, dose-response analysis may further increase the confidence in the research hypothesis that increased coffee consumption is linearly related to lower prostate cancer risk.
In addition, most studies are of high quality and low risk of bias, which can further enhance confidence in the current summary results.
In conclusion, this study shows that drinking more coffee may be related to lowering the risk of prostate cancer.
Further research is needed to explore the potential mechanism of action and active ingredients in coffee.
If this connection is further proved to be a causal relationship, men may be encouraged to increase their coffee consumption to potentially reduce the risk of prostate cancer.
1.
References: Xiaonan Chen, Yiqiao Zhao, Zijia Tao.
Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMJ Open, 2021 DOI: 10.
1136/bmjopen-2020-038902
Pixabay prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of death from cancer in men.
It is estimated that nearly three-quarters of prostate cancer cases occur in developed countries.
Since the 1970s, the incidence of prostate cancer has also increased rapidly in some Asian countries, such as China, Singapore and Japan.
The incidence in these countries has been much lower than that in some Western countries.
Therefore, the primary prevention of prostate cancer is a major public health problem worldwide.
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages.
As it continues to spread worldwide, even a small impact on personal health may have a significant impact on public health.
In industrialized countries, coffee is the main source of caffeine, caffeol and antioxidants.
Its various components, such as caffeine, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, can potentially affect the development of cancer through a variety of carcinogenic pathways.
A negative correlation between coffee intake and cancer risk has been observed in the liver, colorectal, and breast.
However, previous studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the relationship between drinking coffee and the risk of prostate cancer.
Although early cohort studies did not find a connection between the two, 15 recent studies conducted in major Western countries such as the United States, Sweden, and the United Kingdom reported that drinking coffee is associated with a lower risk of local and advanced prostate cancer.
In Japan, a country where coffee is becoming more and more popular, a cohort study also found that drinking coffee was significantly negatively correlated with the risk of prostate cancer.
Recently, a new paper published on BMJ Open conducted a meta-analysis of these cohort studies and systematically reviewed the relationship between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk.
Let's find out! This is a meta-analysis based on research level data.
It does not involve personal level data, nor does it define research questions or outcome measures.
PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were used to conduct literature search as of September 2020, with the following keywords: coffee and prostate (cancer or cancer or neoplasm or tumor).
In the meta-analysis, RR estimates were used to measure the relationship between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk.
The researchers aggregated the RR estimates for the highest and lowest categories of coffee consumption in a particular study.
The subgroup analysis was stratified according to study location, prostate cancer stage and potential confounding factors adjustment, including prostate specific antigen (PSA) test history, prostate cancer family history, total energy intake, smoking, drinking, physical activity, weight Index (BMI) or history of diabetes.
Since the PSA test was performed after 1986, 32 studies whose follow-up period ended before 1986 were classified as PSA-adjusted groups.
In order to explore the impact of each study on the summary results, a sensitivity analysis was also performed, one study was excluded at a time, and the meta-analysis method was repeated.
Finally, 16 prospective cohort studies were included, including 57732 cases of prostate cancer and 1081586 cohort members.
The more coffee you drink, the lower your risk of prostate cancer.
Compared with the lowest coffee consumption category, the combined relative risk (RR) of the highest coffee consumption category is 0.
91 (95% CI 0.
84-0.
98), I2 = 53.
2%).
There is a significant linear trend in the correlation (linear trend p=0.
006).
For every additional cup of coffee per day, the combined RR is 0.
988 (95% CI 0.
981 to 0.
995). For local, advanced, and fatal prostate cancer, the combined RRs were 0.
93 (95% CI 0.
87-0.
99), 0.
88 (95% CI 0.
71-1.
09), and 0.
84 (95% CI 0.
66-1.
08), respectively.
No evidence of publication bias was found in this meta-analysis.
The dose-response relationship between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk.
Forest plot between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk, stratified by cancer stage.
One advantage of this study is the inclusion of prospective cohort studies.
Cohort studies can minimize the risk of selection and recall bias, which is the main focus of case-control design.
In addition, the large number of cohort members and prostate cancer cases ensured sufficient statistical power to detect even small effects.
In addition, dose-response analysis may further increase the confidence in the research hypothesis that increased coffee consumption is linearly related to lower prostate cancer risk.
In addition, most studies are of high quality and low risk of bias, which can further enhance confidence in the current summary results.
In conclusion, this study shows that drinking more coffee may be related to lowering the risk of prostate cancer.
Further research is needed to explore the potential mechanism of action and active ingredients in coffee.
If this connection is further proved to be a causal relationship, men may be encouraged to increase their coffee consumption to potentially reduce the risk of prostate cancer.
1.
References: Xiaonan Chen, Yiqiao Zhao, Zijia Tao.
Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMJ Open, 2021 DOI: 10.
1136/bmjopen-2020-038902
