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Anastasia Voronova is a co-author of a study that showed that a molecule called fractalkine stimulates the production of brain cells that produce myelin, a type of Nerve insulating substances will gradually disappear in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS)
.
This discovery may point the way for the treatment of repairing myelin
A recent study by the University of Alberta showed that an immune molecule called fractalkine can promote the production of brain cells that produce myelin, which is a key factor in diseases such as multiple sclerosis
.
Myelin is an insulating layer around nerves.
In multiple sclerosis and similar diseases, it is gradually lost due to inflammation
Although there are some treatments that can control symptoms or try to slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, effective treatments need to restore lost myelin
.
Finding a way to make the process of myelination run at a high speed is a key step in the search for treatment
Anastassia Voronova, assistant professor of the Department of Medical Genetics and Chair of Biology of Canadian Neural Stem Cells, explained that neural stem cells produce a variety of brain cells, including oligodendrocytes, a type of cell in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
.
Oligodendrocytes are the only brain cells that can produce myelin
"During development, these neural stem cells build the brain
.
In the adult brain, they exist partly because they replenish damaged or lost cells, including oligodendrocytes," said Voronova, who is also in neuroscience and mental health.
"However, especially in humans, the efficiency of replacing oligodendrocytes is very low
.
The goal of my laboratory is to identify molecules that can'awaken' all neural stem cells in our brain to supplement those oligodendrocytes
Voronova's research showed that fractalkine (a molecule previously thought to only function in the immune system) significantly stimulated the transformation of neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes
.
Voronova said: "(fractalkine) molecules and receptors work together to trigger a signal cascade within the cell
.
This is a very interesting era
Voronova's team is now studying the remyelination ability of fractalkine in a mouse model of MS
.
Voronova also plans to study whether fractalkine affects myelination in other neurodegenerative diseases
"Myelin is reduced in various neurodegenerative diseases, which makes the idea of enhancing the production of oligodendrocytes and repairing myelin very exciting
.
"
Fractalkine signalling regulates oligodendroglial cell genesis from SVZ precursor cells
