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▎WuXi AppTec Content Team Editor Currently, several new crown vaccines that have been approved for use around the world are administered by intramuscular injection.
Compared with intramuscular injection, the new crown vaccine inhaled through the nasal cavity has attracted attention due to its unique potential advantages
.
A few days ago, a research team from McMaster University in Canada published a paper online in the top academic journal "Cell", reporting the latest experimental results of two inhaled new crown vaccines
.
As a respiratory virus, when the new coronavirus infects the human body, it first enters the upper respiratory tract and lungs of the human body, and the inhaled vaccine can directly deliver the vaccine to these places where the virus is first encountered.
Therefore, from the perspective of immune mechanism, it can play a role in more effective protection
.
One of the co-corresponding authors of this study, Professor Xing Zhou, an immunology expert, has been working on the development of tuberculosis vaccines for many years.
The development strategy of this new crown vaccine is based on their experience in tuberculosis vaccine development
.
Professor Xing introduced: "Research over the years has taught us that vaccines delivered to the lungs can induce comprehensive protection against respiratory mucosal immunity, a feature that injectable vaccines do not have
.
" ▲The main members of the research team (image source) : Reference [2]; Credit: Georgia Kirkos/McMaster University) McMaster University is home to Canada’s Global Epidemic and Biothreat Contact Centre, and the two inhaled new coronaviruses developed by the research team are either human or chimpanzee The source of adenovirus (Ad) is used as a carrier to deliver the antigen directly into the lungs without causing disease
.
The vaccine targets three parts of the new coronavirus at the same time: in addition to the spike protein, there are also nucleocapsid protein (Nucleocapsid) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the latter two are highly conserved in coronaviruses and do not resemble spikes.
The spike protein mutates as quickly, so theoretically this vaccine can still work against various mutated new coronaviruses
.
Image source: Preclinical results of 123RF in a mouse model show that a single intranasal immunization can induce a broad and durable protective immune response, including mucosal local and systemic antibody responses, mucosal tissue-resident memory T cells, And a unique form of immunity—trained innate immunity obtained by stimulating innate immune cells
.
These multiple protections mean that the new inhaled vaccine is more effective than muscle immunity at inducing a protective immune response
.
The experimental results also showed that the nasal inhalation vaccine has a good effect on preventing the initially discovered new coronavirus strain and two different variants of Alpha and Beta
.
▲ Schematic diagram of the study (Image source: Reference [1]) The researchers also pointed out that due to the effectiveness of targeting the lungs and upper respiratory tract, this inhaled vaccine can reduce the dose required each time, even as low as intramuscular injection doses 1% of that would achieve the same level of protection
.
This means that for the same batch of vaccines, the number of beneficiaries can be increased by 100 times
.
In addition, the advantages of not requiring injections and avoiding pain are also the reasons why inhaled vaccines have always been favored
.
▲ Researchers demonstrate the use of inhaled vaccines (Image source: Reference [2]; Credit: Georgia Kirkos/McMaster University) The above results provide a key proof of concept for entering the next clinical trial
.
It is reported that a phase 1 clinical trial of the vaccine has begun, and researchers recruited healthy adults who had received two doses of the new crown vaccine to evaluate the inhaled vaccine as a booster
.
Professor Matthew Miller, one of the co-corresponding authors, pointed out, "Existing vaccines have their limitations, and we need to constantly update vaccines to chase the evolving virus
.
" The researchers hope that in this race against viruses, we can Get ahead of the virus with an optimized vaccine strategy
.
Reference: [1] Sam Afkhami et al.
, (2022) Respiratory mucosal delivery of next-generation COVID-19 vaccine provides robust protection against both ancestral and variant strains of SARS-CoV-2.
Cell Doi: https://doi .
org/10.
1016/j.
cell.
2022.
02.
005[2] confirm newly developed inhaled vaccine Researchers delivers broad protection against SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern.
Retrieved Feb.
10, 2022 from https://brighterworld.
mcmaster.
ca/articles/researchers-confirm-newly-developed-inhaled-vaccine-delivers-broad-protection-against-sars-cov-2-variants-of-concern/
Compared with intramuscular injection, the new crown vaccine inhaled through the nasal cavity has attracted attention due to its unique potential advantages
.
A few days ago, a research team from McMaster University in Canada published a paper online in the top academic journal "Cell", reporting the latest experimental results of two inhaled new crown vaccines
.
As a respiratory virus, when the new coronavirus infects the human body, it first enters the upper respiratory tract and lungs of the human body, and the inhaled vaccine can directly deliver the vaccine to these places where the virus is first encountered.
Therefore, from the perspective of immune mechanism, it can play a role in more effective protection
.
One of the co-corresponding authors of this study, Professor Xing Zhou, an immunology expert, has been working on the development of tuberculosis vaccines for many years.
The development strategy of this new crown vaccine is based on their experience in tuberculosis vaccine development
.
Professor Xing introduced: "Research over the years has taught us that vaccines delivered to the lungs can induce comprehensive protection against respiratory mucosal immunity, a feature that injectable vaccines do not have
.
" ▲The main members of the research team (image source) : Reference [2]; Credit: Georgia Kirkos/McMaster University) McMaster University is home to Canada’s Global Epidemic and Biothreat Contact Centre, and the two inhaled new coronaviruses developed by the research team are either human or chimpanzee The source of adenovirus (Ad) is used as a carrier to deliver the antigen directly into the lungs without causing disease
.
The vaccine targets three parts of the new coronavirus at the same time: in addition to the spike protein, there are also nucleocapsid protein (Nucleocapsid) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the latter two are highly conserved in coronaviruses and do not resemble spikes.
The spike protein mutates as quickly, so theoretically this vaccine can still work against various mutated new coronaviruses
.
Image source: Preclinical results of 123RF in a mouse model show that a single intranasal immunization can induce a broad and durable protective immune response, including mucosal local and systemic antibody responses, mucosal tissue-resident memory T cells, And a unique form of immunity—trained innate immunity obtained by stimulating innate immune cells
.
These multiple protections mean that the new inhaled vaccine is more effective than muscle immunity at inducing a protective immune response
.
The experimental results also showed that the nasal inhalation vaccine has a good effect on preventing the initially discovered new coronavirus strain and two different variants of Alpha and Beta
.
▲ Schematic diagram of the study (Image source: Reference [1]) The researchers also pointed out that due to the effectiveness of targeting the lungs and upper respiratory tract, this inhaled vaccine can reduce the dose required each time, even as low as intramuscular injection doses 1% of that would achieve the same level of protection
.
This means that for the same batch of vaccines, the number of beneficiaries can be increased by 100 times
.
In addition, the advantages of not requiring injections and avoiding pain are also the reasons why inhaled vaccines have always been favored
.
▲ Researchers demonstrate the use of inhaled vaccines (Image source: Reference [2]; Credit: Georgia Kirkos/McMaster University) The above results provide a key proof of concept for entering the next clinical trial
.
It is reported that a phase 1 clinical trial of the vaccine has begun, and researchers recruited healthy adults who had received two doses of the new crown vaccine to evaluate the inhaled vaccine as a booster
.
Professor Matthew Miller, one of the co-corresponding authors, pointed out, "Existing vaccines have their limitations, and we need to constantly update vaccines to chase the evolving virus
.
" The researchers hope that in this race against viruses, we can Get ahead of the virus with an optimized vaccine strategy
.
Reference: [1] Sam Afkhami et al.
, (2022) Respiratory mucosal delivery of next-generation COVID-19 vaccine provides robust protection against both ancestral and variant strains of SARS-CoV-2.
Cell Doi: https://doi .
org/10.
1016/j.
cell.
2022.
02.
005[2] confirm newly developed inhaled vaccine Researchers delivers broad protection against SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern.
Retrieved Feb.
10, 2022 from https://brighterworld.
mcmaster.
ca/articles/researchers-confirm-newly-developed-inhaled-vaccine-delivers-broad-protection-against-sars-cov-2-variants-of-concern/
