Cell: How calorie-restricted diet can prevent the negative effects of cell aging

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.008aging is the highest risk factor for many human diseases, including cancer, dementia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and animal models have shown that calorie restriction (CR) is one of the most effective interventions for these age-related diseasesAlthough researchers know that individual cells change many as the organism ages, they do not yet know how heat restriction affects these changesin the new paper,researchers compared normal diet and calorie intake of rats with rats who consumed 30 percent of their calories to control their diet between 18 and 27 months of ageFor humans, this is roughly equivalent to a calorie-restricted diet for people between the ages of 50 and 70At the beginning and end of the diet, 168,703 cells from 40 cell types in 56 rats were isolated and analyzed from adipose tissue, liver, kidneys, aorta, skin, bone marrow, brain and musclesIn each of the isolated cells, the researchers used single-cell gene sequencing techniques to measure the activity levels of genes, to study the overall composition of cell types in any given tissue, and then compared mice and young mice in each dietMany of the changes that occur as ratsnormal diet age are not seen in dietaryly restricted rats, and even in old age, many of the tissues and cells of calorie-restricted rats are very similar to those in young miceOverall, 57 percent of the rats on a calorie-restricted diet showed no changes in age-related cell composition in normal dietary rat tissueThis approach not only tells us the effect of heat restriction on these cell types, but also provides the most complete and detailed study of what happens at the single cell level during agingscRNA-Seq-constructed rat cell mapimmune cells increase in the aging process, and calorie restriction is a beneficial reversal of the aging-disrupting immune systemIn brown adipose tissue, the calorie-restricted diet restores the expression level of many anti-inflammatory genes to the level of young animals, and abnormal intercellular communication patterns observed during aging, including excessive pro-inflammatory ligand-receptor interactions, are also reversed by calorie restriction, suggesting that an increase in inflammatory response during aging can be systematically inhibited by calorie restrictionPeople often say that as people eat, as you get older, your cellular state obviously depends on how you interact with the environment, including what you eat and how much you eatThis study reinforces our understanding of heat control as an antidotes to aging, reveals the effects of heat control on immune regulation, and emphasizes that metabolic interventions may affect the overall immune response, which is closely related to the health and longevity of organisms The team is now trying to identify drug targets for aging and implement strategies to increase life expectancy and health references: How calorie-restricted diet prevents the negative effects of cell aging