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This article is original by Translational Medicine Network.
Please indicate the source for reprinting.
Author: Daisy Guide: Recently, a study published in the journal Cell Reports shows that researchers use the DNA editing system CRISPR to change the genome of bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice.
The first stable gene editing in the mammalian gut microbiota
.
This research focuses on E.
coli.
One useful application of precision gene editing in the gut microbiome is to target harmful strains of E.
coli while keeping beneficial strains undisturbed
.
They used a virus called M13 to inject the CRISPR-Cas9 system into the cells of a specific E.
coli strain, and then began to cut DNA fragments
.
After gene editing, the target strain quickly began to disappear
.
Imagine that one day in the future, similar methods can also be used to promote the growth of human "good" intestinal bacteria.
Researchers also need to expand the list of viruses in their toolkits and try to change how individual members of the microbiome affect the overall bacterial population.
Influence
.
Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco have successfully used the DNA editing system CRISPR to change the genome of bacteria in the mammalian gut.
This development will advance our understanding of the microbiome and ultimately pave the way for the treatment of intestinal-related diseases
.
In this landmark study published this month in the journal Cell Reports, researchers were able to remove a large number of genes from E.
coli living in the intestines of mice and change the overall bacterial community throughout their digestive system Constitute
.
The researchers published an article titled "Phage-delivered CRISPR-Cas9 for strain-specific depletion and genomic deletions in the gut microbiome": Dr.
Peter Turnbaugh, Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, said: "We have demonstrated that the intestine of mammals The first stable gene editing in the Dao microbiota
.
This is the starting point for trying to design bacteria in the gut
.
"Currently, researchers and medical practitioners who want to change the gut microbiota have extremely limited options
.
For example, bacterial food poisoning and similar problems can be treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, but this drug will eventually kill many "good" microorganisms and harmful ones
.
Fecal transplantation is also used to re-implant a healthy microbiome for patients suffering from certain infections and gastrointestinal diseases
.
But doctors are not sure whether the introduced microorganisms can surpass the patient’s existing bacterial community, which means that treatment is not always successful
.
Turnbaugh said that, therefore, transforming the bacteria that have thrived in the digestive system will be a key way to research and treat microbiome-related health problems in the future
.
Directly changing the genome of the microbes in the gut will bring a level of precision that is currently impossible to achieve for microbiome therapy
.
Turnbaugh also said: “The ability to change the DNA of microorganisms that already exist in the gut allows us to study the microbiome in a more controlled way than before
.
This really gives us an opportunity to learn about health and disease.
Important question
.
"Turnbaugh's research focuses on Escherichia coli.
Escherichia coli is a bacterium that naturally exists in the intestines, but because certain strains may cause food poisoning, it has a bad reputation
.
Precision gene editing is useful in the gut microbiome.
The application is to target harmful strains of E.
coli while keeping the beneficial strains undisturbed
.
In this study, the researchers wanted to know if they could use gene editing tools to locate and kill an E.
coli strain while leaving it alone Another strain
.
Turnbaugh's team used a virus called M13 to inject the CRISPR-Cas9 system into the cells of a specific E.
coli strain, where it began to cut DNA fragments
.
The
results were dramatic
.
Before the introduction of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, The targeted strain was more prominent in the stool samples collected from mice in the experiment
.
However, after gene editing, the target strain quickly began to disappear
.
Two weeks later, it only accounted for 1% of the monitored cell population
.
The key to the success of the study was use The engineered form of M13, a virus that naturally attacks E.
coli but usually cannot survive in the digestive system
.
To solve this problem, Turnbaugh and his colleagues spliced an antibiotic resistance gene into the DNA of M13 that will be passed to the infected cells.
In this way, the virus and the CRISPR-Cas9 system it carries can be spread more easily
.
Turnbaugh envisions that a similar method could one day be used to promote the growth of human "good" gut bacteria
.
For example, if a researcher edits the genes of certain bacterial strains to allow the bacteria to feed on rare nutrients, then a person can control the intestinal flourishment to a certain extent by simply adding large amounts of these nutrients to their diet Development of a mixture of microorganisms
.
He added that first, researchers need to expand the list of viruses in their toolkit and try to change the impact of individual members of the microbiome on the overall bacterial population
.
Turnbaugh said: "The dream is that you can choose which specific strains in your intestines, or even just the individual genes you want to promote or eliminate
.
We are really excited that we can promote this in E.
coli, and hope it can help the intestines.
Other members of the Taoist microbiome bring similar tools
.
"Reference: https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-11-infecting-gut-microbes-crispr-loaded-virus.
html Note: This article aims to introduce medicine Research progress cannot be used as a reference for treatment options
.
If you need health guidance, please go to a regular hospital
.
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