Cells also have "cleanliness addiction" and can produce their own "detergents" so that bacteria have nowhere to escape

Nowadays, all kinds of sterilizing cleaning agents are gradually entering the homes of ordinary people, and they are favored by people because of their fast decontamination and convenient use

This is the first time that humans have discovered a protective protein with "detergent" effect in human cells

The human immune system is a complex network composed of specialized cells.

As we all know, Salmonella is a common food-borne pathogen.

Salmonella (green) and other microorganisms infect human cells

Therefore, researchers used Salmonella strains to infect non-immune cells in the human body and found that the alarm signal "Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)" would promote the secretion of a protein from non-immune cells to prevent Salmonella from "taking over" human cells.

Human apolipoprotein L3 (APOL3) is a key effect protein, which is distributed throughout the body.

Negative staining electron microscopy of APOL3

Of course, what APOL3 removes is not the dirt on the clothes, but the bacterial inner membrane composed of lipid molecules.

Studies have pointed out that when APOL3 and the protein encoded by the interferon stimulating gene (ISG) act synergistically, guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP1) will disrupt the permeability barrier of the outer membrane (OM) antigen, allowing APOL3 to enter the bacterial inner membrane.

APOL3 passes through the outer membrane (OM) to the inner membrane (IM)

Note: The original text has been deleted

Reference materials:

[1]https://science.

[2]https://