Chain hydrocarbons

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First section alkane < classp="biao1" >

<; In addition to methane, the four atoms or clusters connected to each carbon atom in the alkane molecule are different, so the key angle changes slightly, but is still close to 109 degrees 28', because such a spatial discharge, the lowest energy, the most stable system. Carbon atoms in these molecules are chained to carbon atoms, and their molecular shapes are a series of tidal bodies that share a single verte. e.g. ethane (Figure 11-1)

Figure 11-1 Ethane chain structure

< According to the structure characteristics of alkanes and their atomic composition <, the simplest alkanes are methane CH4 containing one carbon atom, followed by ethane >

the molecular form is C5H12 alkanes, carbon There are three possible ways of connecting atoms, the structure of which is:

which have the same molecular form, and compounds with different structures are symmetrical isomers, referred to as isomers. If the molecules are the same, isomers produced by different carbon chain structures are called carbon chain isomers, for example, oroclotane and iso butane; This heterogeneous phenomenon is tectonic heterogeneous because of the different order of the atoms or clusters that make up the molecule. As the number of carbon atoms in a molecule increases, the number of isomers increases rapidly, as in Table 11-2.

Table 11-2 Increases the number of isomer with the increase of carbon atoms
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carbon atoms
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molecular

isomers

1

CH4


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2

C2H6



3

C3H8


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4

C4H10

2

5

C5H12
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