Characteristics and application of chemical separation equipment technology

Chemical separation equipment technology has the following characteristics: (1) the diversity of chemical separation technology determines the diversity of separation technology due to the wide application of chemical separation technology According to the mechanism, it can be roughly divided into five categories: ① generate new phase for separation (such as distillation and crystallization); ② add new phase for separation (such as extraction and absorption); ③ use separator for separation (such as membrane separation); ④ use solid reagent for separation (such as adsorption and ion exchange); ⑤ use external force field and gradient for separation (such as centrifugal extraction separation and electrophoresis), their Features and design methods are different Keller summarized some commonly used separation technologies and application maturity diagrams in 1987 Distillation, extraction, absorption, crystallization and so on are still the separation technologies of Zui Although the concept of liquid membrane separation is ingenious, but there are still limitations in technology, only in the drug slow-release and other aspects have been applied (2) the complexity of chemical separation technology the importance and diversity of chemical separation technology determine its complexity Even for distillation and extraction, the design of large-scale equipment of multicomponent system is still a difficult work The problem is the lack of basic characteristic data and reliable design method of large-scale tower For high temperature, high pressure, multicomponent and strong nonideal systems, not only the equilibrium data and molecular diffusion coefficient are difficult to calculate accurately, but also the physical property data such as interfacial tension and viscosity are difficult to obtain The basic characteristic data of coupling separation technology such as catalyst and reaction extraction are even less The main difficulty of large-scale tower design is that the two-phase flow and mass transfer characteristics are very complex, and the digital model is not perfect Although the equilibrium level model, which has been used for more than 100 years, is simple and intuitive, its disadvantages in multicomponent separation are obvious The non-equilibrium model is known as "may usher in a new era of plate separation equipment design and simulation", which has obvious advantages, but it is lack of experimental data of mass transfer coefficient and too many model parameters, which makes its engineering application difficult The developed software has powerful functions and has been applied in engineering design, but engineering experience and pilot test are still indispensable (3) with the development of energy, resources, environment, new materials and other basic industries and high-tech, classification technology is facing new opportunities and challenges The separation process in the petrochemical field must further save energy and reduce consumption, and make full use of energy and resources The pace of large-scale production equipment is speeding up, and energy consumption and cost are constantly reduced In the field of biopharmaceutical engineering, with the development of gene engineering and cell engineering, biopharmaceuticals have been developed rapidly Supercritical extraction with CO2 as solvent has the advantages of no pollution and high selectivity Chromatography, electrophoresis and other methods have been successfully used in production and laboratory research due to their characteristics of normal temperature and pressure With the strengthening of environmental awareness, "three wastes" treatment has attracted attention From the point of view of industrial ecology, the "waste" discharged from many technological processes is no longer "useless", but not fully utilized The "three wastes treatment" is a new challenge to separation technology (4) the special competition of separation technology promotes the strengthening of separation process, which includes two aspects: new device and new process Any new chemical separation technology that can make the equipment miniaturized, energy-efficient and conducive to sustainable development belongs to the strengthening of separation process This is one of the important trends in the development of chemical separation technology Coupling separation technology is concerned Catalyst distillation, membrane distillation, adsorption distillation, reaction extraction, complexation adsorption, reverse micelle, membrane extraction, fermentation extraction, chemical adsorption and electrophoretic extraction and other new coupling separation technologies have made great progress and achieved industrialization Coupling separation technology may solve many difficult tasks in traditional separation Vitamin can be separated by electrochromatography Information technology promotes the development of separation technology Separation science and technology have the characteristics of interdisciplinary The combination of information technology and traditional chemical methods accelerates the progress of separation technology.