Chinese scientists reveal the origin and composition of ruminant gut microbes for the first time

The intestinal microbial community plays a key role in host health by providing metabolites, maintaining metabolic functions, developing the immune system and defending against pathogens. More and more evidences show that early intestinal flora dysfunction can lead to immune and metabolic abnormalities, leading to the development of non-communicable diseases and obesity. There is still controversy in the scientific community as to whether there are colonizing microorganisms in the intestines of the fetus before delivery. For a long time, people have believed that the fetus is sterile, and the fetal microbiota has been established during delivery. Recently, this dogma has been challenged by more and more new data. A large number of studies have reported the existence of various microorganisms in human meconium, placenta, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood. Many scientists argue that the microbes detected in the uterus may be due to potential contamination problems, especially when processing low-biomass samples. Some studies have even asserted that the microorganisms detected in the placenta are caused by the presence of DNA in laboratory reagents and equipment contaminants. Therefore, scientists need to find more evidence to determine whether the prenatal intestine contains microbiota. Recently, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Chinese Agricultural University, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison have jointly tested the cecal contents of six term lamb fetuses through multi-omics methods such as metagenomic sequencing and hypertranscriptome sequencing. It was discovered that a metabolically active microbiota already existed in the fetus’ intestines long before delivery. In this study, 6 full-term lambs were euthanized immediately after aseptic hysterectomy. The researchers then obtained their cecal contents and cord blood samples in a sterile manner, using metagenomic and metatranscriptome sequencing to evaluate the cecal content samples to characterize any existing microbiome. Two samples were analyzed using metabolomics to detect microbial metabolites. 　　The results of the study show that there is a low diversity and low biomass microbiome in the prenatal fetal intestine. The microbiome is mainly composed of bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Firmicutes. Among them, Escherichia coli is the most abundant species in the prenatal fetal intestine. The test results showed that the microbiome includes a variety of microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, deoxynojirimycin, mitomycin, and tobramycin, further indicating that there is a metabolically active microbiota in the fetal intestine. 　　The Secret of Fetal Gut: Chinese scientists reveal the origin and composition of ruminant gut microbes for the first time (The microbiome composition of the metagenome (MG) and metatranscriptome (MT) in the fetal intestine, the picture is taken from the paper) 　　In addition, phage phiX174 and Orf viruses and antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the fetal intestine, indicating that phages, viruses and bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes can be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy. 　　This is the first international study to provide direct evidence to prove that there is an active microbiome in the baby's intestine before birth, which provides a basis for colonization of fetal intestinal microbes in the uterus. 　　The research results help us understand the community composition and function of the fetal intestinal microbial community, and lay the foundation for the subsequent formulation of strategies to alleviate a variety of diseases and guide the formation of a healthy microbial community.      Disclaimer: This article only represents the author's personal views and has nothing to do with China Probiotics. com. The originality and the text and content stated in the article have not been verified by this site. This site does not make any guarantee or commitment to the authenticity, completeness, and timeliness of this article, all or part of the content, and the text. Please readers for reference only, and please Verify the relevant content yourself.      Copyright Notice    1. Some of the reprinted articles on this site are not original, and the copyright and liability belong to the original author. 2. All reprinted articles, links and pictures on this website are for the purpose of conveying more information, and clearly indicate the source and author. Media or individuals who do not want to be reprinted can contact us for infringement information that can provide sufficient evidence , Bio149 will be deleted within 12 hours after confirmation. 3. Users are welcome to post original articles to 86371366@qq. com, and publish them to the homepage after review. The copyright and liability belong to the sender.

　　The intestinal microbial community plays a key role in host health by providing metabolites, maintaining metabolic functions, developing the immune system and defending against pathogens.
More and more evidences show that early intestinal flora dysfunction can lead to immune and metabolic abnormalities, leading to the development of non-communicable diseases and obesity.
　　There is still controversy in the scientific community as to whether there are colonizing microorganisms in the intestines of the fetus before delivery.
For a long time, people have believed that the fetus is sterile, and the fetal microbiota has been established during delivery.
Recently, this dogma has been challenged by more and more new data.
A large number of studies have reported the existence of various microorganisms in human meconium, placenta, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood.
Many scientists argue that the microbes detected in the uterus may be due to potential contamination problems, especially when processing low-biomass samples.
Some studies have even asserted that the microorganisms detected in the placenta are caused by the presence of DNA in laboratory reagents and equipment contaminants.
Therefore, scientists need to find more evidence to determine whether the prenatal intestine contains microbiota.
　　Recently, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Chinese Agricultural University, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison have jointly tested the cecal contents of six term lamb fetuses through multi-omics methods such as metagenomic sequencing and hypertranscriptome sequencing.
It was discovered that a metabolically active microbiota already existed in the fetus’ intestines long before delivery.
　　In this study, 6 full-term lambs were euthanized immediately after aseptic hysterectomy.
The researchers then obtained their cecal contents and cord blood samples in a sterile manner, using metagenomic and metatranscriptome sequencing to evaluate the cecal content samples to characterize any existing microbiome.
Two samples were analyzed using metabolomics to detect microbial metabolites.
　　The results of the study show that there is a low diversity and low biomass microbiome in the prenatal fetal intestine.
The microbiome is mainly composed of bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Firmicutes.
Among them, Escherichia coli is the most abundant species in the prenatal fetal intestine.
The test results showed that the microbiome includes a variety of microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, deoxynojirimycin, mitomycin, and tobramycin, further indicating that there is a metabolically active microbiota in the fetal intestine.
　　The Secret of Fetal Gut: Chinese scientists reveal the origin and composition of ruminant gut microbes for the first time
　　In addition, phage phiX174 and Orf viruses and antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the fetal intestine, indicating that phages, viruses and bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes can be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy.
　　This is the first international study to provide direct evidence to prove that there is an active microbiome in the baby's intestine before birth, which provides a basis for colonization of fetal intestinal microbes in the uterus.
　　The research results help us understand the community composition and function of the fetal intestinal microbial community, and lay the foundation for the subsequent formulation of strategies to alleviate a variety of diseases and guide the formation of a healthy microbial community.

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　　The intestinal microbial community plays a key role in host health by providing metabolites, maintaining metabolic functions, developing the immune system and defending against pathogens.
More and more evidences show that early intestinal flora dysfunction can lead to immune and metabolic abnormalities, leading to the development of non-communicable diseases and obesity.
　　There is still controversy in the scientific community as to whether there are colonizing microorganisms in the intestines of the fetus before delivery.
For a long time, people have believed that the fetus is sterile, and the fetal microbiota has been established during delivery.
Recently, this dogma has been challenged by more and more new data.
A large number of studies have reported the existence of various microorganisms in human meconium, placenta, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood.
Many scientists argue that the microbes detected in the uterus may be due to potential contamination problems, especially when processing low-biomass samples.
Some studies have even asserted that the microorganisms detected in the placenta are caused by the presence of DNA in laboratory reagents and equipment contaminants.
Therefore, scientists need to find more evidence to determine whether the prenatal intestine contains microbiota.
　　Recently, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Chinese Agricultural University, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison have jointly tested the cecal contents of six term lamb fetuses through multi-omics methods such as metagenomic sequencing and hypertranscriptome sequencing.
It was discovered that a metabolically active microbiota already existed in the fetus’ intestines long before delivery.
　　In this study, 6 full-term lambs were euthanized immediately after aseptic hysterectomy.
The researchers then obtained their cecal contents and cord blood samples in a sterile manner, using metagenomic and metatranscriptome sequencing to evaluate the cecal content samples to characterize any existing microbiome.
Two samples were analyzed using metabolomics to detect microbial metabolites.
　　The results of the study show that there is a low diversity and low biomass microbiome in the prenatal fetal intestine.
The microbiome is mainly composed of bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Firmicutes.
Among them, Escherichia coli is the most abundant species in the prenatal fetal intestine.
The test results showed that the microbiome includes a variety of microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, deoxynojirimycin, mitomycin, and tobramycin, further indicating that there is a metabolically active microbiota in the fetal intestine.
　　The Secret of Fetal Gut: Chinese scientists reveal the origin and composition of ruminant gut microbes for the first time
　　In addition, phage phiX174 and Orf viruses and antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the fetal intestine, indicating that phages, viruses and bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes can be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy.
　　This is the first international study to provide direct evidence to prove that there is an active microbiome in the baby's intestine before birth, which provides a basis for colonization of fetal intestinal microbes in the uterus.
　　The research results help us understand the community composition and function of the fetal intestinal microbial community, and lay the foundation for the subsequent formulation of strategies to alleviate a variety of diseases and guide the formation of a healthy microbial community.

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