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The optical activity characteristic of organic molecules is a result of the absorption of light as electrons are promoted to higher molecular orbitals. In UV-visible spectroscopy, the transition process is described by the Beer-Lambert Law, A = ε
cd
, in which A is the experimentally measured absorbance, ε is the extinction coefficient,
c
is the molar concentration of solute, and
d
is the path length. Absorbance, A, is plotted vs energy or wavelength of the light.