Cloned monkeys and others are shortlisted for the top ten advances in Chinese science in 2018.

On February 27th, the High Technology Research and Development Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology (the Ministry of Science and Technology Basic Research Management Center) announced the "Top Ten Advances in Science in China in 2018", which has successfully cloned macaques based on somatic nuclear transplantation technology, and 10 major scientific advances, such as "China-China" and "Huahua", which stand out from 30 candidates. according to the
ranking, "Top Ten Advances in Science in China 2018" are: successful cloning of macaques based on somatic cell nuclear transplantation technology, creation of the first artificial single-chromosome eukaryotic cells, revealing depression and ketamine rapid antidepressant mechanism, developing intelligent DNA nano-robots for tumor therapy, and measuring the highest high-precision gravitational constant G-g to date The value, the first direct detection of electron cosmic ray spectrum near 1TeV, revealing the atomic structure and magic number effect of hydrated ions, creating nano- and millisecond-scale imaging techniques that detect the interaction of intracellular structures, regulating plant growth-metabolic balance for sustainable agricultural development, and pushing the history of human life in the loess plateau to 2.12 million years.
If the success of somatic cell cloning monkeys is a breakthrough in the field from scratch, will provide a more convenient and accurate technical means for non-human primate gene editing operation, then the creation of the first artificial single chromosome eukaryotic cells research shows that natural complex life systems can be mutated through artificial intervention, and even artificial creation of a new natural life.
" successfully held the 14th "China's top ten scientific progress' selection, the original research results are the most important measure."
selection activities adhere to encourage innovation, carry forward the spirit of scientific research that sits on the 'cold bench', dares to gnaw 'hard bones', and bravely breaks into 'no man's land'. Liu Min, director of the
" High-Tech Research and Development Center, told science and technology daily that at the same time, the dissemination of scientific knowledge, the cultivation of scientific spirit, so that the public more understanding, concern and support of basic research, so as to promote China's basic research to accelerate development and contribute to the construction of the world's scientific and technological power.
, what are the characteristics or trends of the results selected in recent years? "The construction of large scientific devices has achieved remarkable results.
'Ink' 'Wukong' and FAST telescope and other large scientific devices have been built and put into use, and continue to achieve important results.
" Liu Min said, for example, based on the "Wukong" dark matter detection satellite, the first direct detection of electronic cosmic rays can be directly in the 1TeV near the fold, the results of the research was selected in 2018 China's top ten scientific progress.
in addition, advanced scientific experimental technology and methods have received more and more attention, become a cutting-edge exploration of the sharp instrument, to promote Chinese scientists in some scientific frontier areas continue to make breakthroughs.
in Liu Min's view, around the characteristic scientific resources, China has led the way in some areas of characteristic science, such as birds and their flight origin, Cambrian biological explosion, human origin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau evolution and so on.
2018, The results of the research of Chinese scientists "pushing the history of human life on the loess plateau to 2.12 million years ago" were selected as the top ten advances in Chinese science.
it is worth noting that disease prevention and treatment has become the focus of life science research, but also in recent years, the selection of results highlighted one of the highlights.
for example, in 2018, Chinese scientists revealed the mechanism of depression and ketamine rapid antidepressant, which not only clarified the neural basis of depression, but also identified the drug action targets of antidepressants, laying the foundation for the ultimate fight against depression;
successfully cloned macaquenonnon primates based on somatic cell nuclear transplantation technology are the closest human relatives to humans.
somatic cell cloning technique is considered to be the best way to construct non-human primate genetically modified animal models because of the ability to mass produce animal models with consistent genetic backgroundands and no chiphes in the short term.
Since 1997, when the cloning of sheep "Dolly" reported, although there have been a number of laboratories trying to clone monkeys, but have not been successful.
, Sun Qiang and Liu Zhen, research team of the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology, finally succeeded in obtaining two healthy surviving somatic cloned monkeys after 5 years of research.
their research, the combined use of histoneH3K9me3 demethylase Kdm4d and TSA can significantly increase the in vitro cyst development rate of cloned embryos and the pregnancy rate of the transplanted receptor.
on this basis, they used fetal monkey fibroblasts as donor cells for nuclear transplantation, and cloned embryos transplanted to a surrogate receptor, successfully obtained two healthy surviving cloned monkeys, and the use of ophthalage particle cells for the donor nucleus nuclear transplant experiment, although also obtained two full-month-born individuals, but the two monkeys quickly died.
genetic analysis confirmed that the nuclear DNA of cloned monkeys produced in both cases originated from donor cells, while mitochondrial DNA originated in oocyte donor monkeys. the success of
somatic cell cloning monkey is a breakthrough in this field from scratch, this technology will provide more convenient and accurate technical means for non-human primate gene editing operation, making non-human primates may become a widely used animal model, and thus promoting the rapid development of primate reproductive development, biomedical science and brain cognitive science and brain disease mechanism research.
Source: Science Daily.