Common yeasts are commonly used in the fermentation industry.

(i) Brewing yeast ( ) is one of the most commonly used strains in the fermentation industry (Figure)It can be divided into three groups according to the ratio of cell length to width""""""Common yeasts commonly used in fermentation industry" "Common yeasts commonly used in fermentation industry") cells are mostly round or egg-shaped length to width ratioIn addition to making beverage wine and bread, this type of yeast is also used for ethanol fermentationAmong them, the German number and number (and) are the most famous but because they can not withstand high concentrations of salts, so only applicable to the production of glycation starch as raw materials ethanol and liquorCell shapes are mainly egg-shaped and long-form, and there are some round or short egg-shaped cell length-to-width ratiosThe formation of false mycelium is not typicalThis type of yeast is mainly used in wine and cider, which can also be used in beer, distilled and yeast productionThe winemaking industry calls this wine yeast ()。The ratio of the length and width of most cells is greater than it is represented by the yeast commonly known as TaiwanSouthern China often uses it for the production of ethanol as a molasses raw materialIt is characterized by high seepage resistance to high concentrations of saltsThe yeast is originally known as Wei's yeast ()。The first yeast used in beer brewing was carlsberg brewery: Carlsberg yeast () which is separated in years is a bottom-fermented yeastBrewing yeast can also be used in beer brewing but belongs to the above fermented yeast two yeast fermentation process and beer flavor are different At present, the name of wine yeast is used in the classification The bottom fermentation yeast has a circular or egg-round diameter of a The difference in shape between it and wine yeast is that the cell walls of part of the kasyyy has a flat end In addition, the effect of temperature on these two types of yeast is also different Brewing yeast grows faster than Kart yeast at high temperatures but at low temperatures The temperature at the highest rate of brewing yeast reproduction is at ?C and the kaxon yeast needs to be at .C But kaxey yeast reproduces almost twice as fast as the brewery yeast at c """"""""Commonly used yeasts in the fermentation industry" "Commonly used yeasts in fermentation industry" (ii) abnormal Hanson yeast (ii) abnormal Hanson yeast () cells for the round diameter of the sauor-shaped size of the sauor-shaped (-) even long-celled multilateral-grown fermentation liquid surface with white bacteria the cultured liquid turbidized bacteria precipitated in the bottom (figure) The flat, milky, dull-white, dull-white, dull edges that grow on the sloped surface of the malt juice agar are silky A pseudobioss spore circle or oval shape that can produce developed tree-like branches are cultivated on a potato glucose agar medium with a cover The cells at the top of mycelium are as long as The sac is made directly by cells Each subsachashast sacs that are more than one cap-shaped spores are released from the sac sacs and are often not dispersed Abnormal Hanson yeast has been isolated from soil, branches, juice from trees, stored grains, green feed, lake water or streams, sewage, and feces of wood worms Because abnormal Hanson yeast can produce ethyl acetate, it often plays a role in regulating the flavor of food If it is used in salt-free fermented soy sauce can increase the aroma of some plants also use this bacteria to participate in the brewing of white wine based on dried potato escent using dippy and string aroma method can produce more than the general potato dried white wine taste alcohol and white wine Its strong ability to oxidize hydrocarbons can use kerosene can use ethanol and glycerin as carbon sources in inorganic salt synthesis medium (ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source) gradually added ethanol (each plus) by the heavenly culture of the bacteria Many fungi can accumulate free amino acids in culture liquid, which is more prominent than hanson yeast accumulation tryptophan """""""Common yeasts commonly used in fermentation industry" "Commony yeasts commonly used in fermentation industry" (iii) millet wine-splitting yeast () cells are cylindrical or cylinder-shaped ends of blunt ness also have an oval size of (- Nutritional reproduction is cracked non-fungal filaments without in malt juice can ferment liquid turbidity and precipitation (figure) The colonies cultured on the sloped surface of the malt juice agar are creamy, smooth and neatly lined There is no fungal filament grown on a potato glucose agar medium with a cover The sac is formed by two nutrient cells after joining the circular subsins with a glossy surface The yeast was first isolated from African millet wine and has been found many times by different people in sugar cane molasses A study of the fermentation capacity of the wine-cracking yeast in the unhydrated sugar solution made from chrysanthemum (ghost ginger) has found that high-yielding ethanol can be obtained """"""""Commonly used yeasts in fermentation industry" "Commonly used yeasts in fermentation industry" (iv) sticky red yeast mucous red variants () cells are ophthalmic to spherical size s Cultured cells on the agar slope of the malt juice are smaller and sometimes longer than the liquid malt juice The moss cultured on the slope for more than a month is coral red to orange red or micro-striped orange-red; the surface is sometimes stiff with a shiny texture from smooth to pleated; and its cross-sectional flat, wide raised part edge from irregular to neat top often has more primitive false filaments The cultivation of pseudo-mycelium on a cornmeal agar medium with a covered sheet is usually free of fake mycelium or is only a more primitive type of pseudo-mycelium but occasionally there are certain strains of pseudomycin strains that are very developed and sometimes even fungal filaments appear The sticky red yeast has been isolated from air, water, flowers, soil, trout intestines, pickled vegetable water, pickled shrimp, the juice of eucalyptus leaves, and the mucus of poplar trees This type of oxenable alkanes is a better fat-producing strain It is reported that its fat content can reach % to % of the weight of dry matter, but the slower rate of synthetic fat, such as adding nitrogen and phosphorus in the culture can increase the synthesis speed Producing fat requires about glucose under certain conditions and can also produce alanine and glutamate Its methionine production capacity is high in methionine production up to dry weight% of the production of mitalynine
""""""""Commonly used yeasts in the fermentation industry" "Commonly used yeasts in fermentation industry" (v) the production of false silk yeast (v) cells are round, oval or cylindrical (sausage-shaped) size of (-) s.x () s The colonies cultured on the sloped surface of the malt juice agar are milky white smooth and shiny or matte edges neatly or silky Culture on a cornmeal agar medium with a cover can only produce some primitive or undeveloped pseudo-mycelium or pseudo-mycelium; Some people have separated the yeast from the wine shop's yeast precipitation, the cattle's digestive tract, flowers, and human saliva to produce the false silk yeast Yeast proteins have been the most studied in microbial proteins Among them, the protein content and vitamin content of the yeast produced in catalycium and beer yeast are the most commonly used, and the protein content and vitamin content of the yeast produced are higher than that of the beer yeast, which can grow with urea and nitric acid as a nitrogen source in the medium without adding any factors that stimulate growth Of particular importance is the use of pentateanda and hexacarbons to produce proteins that can be eaten by humans and animals, using both sulphate waste liquids from the paper industry and molasses, potato starch waste, wood hydrolysate, etc In the industrial production of yeast generally do not use starch waste even if need to use, often can secrete amylase ribinsss ( ) or Kodak's insular spore mold ( ) and the culture of such a false silk yeast can be used to use the sugar produced by the spore mold decomposition starch as a carbon source for the growth of its bacteria """"""Common yeasts commonly used in fermentation industry" "Common yeasts commonly used in fermentation industry" (six) white-earth mold () - s.C in malt juice culture days to produce white is plush or powdery tough or fragile There are two forks of the fungal filament splinter inglisal or less mycelium width , generally for the smouldering spores individual or connected to the chain in a long barrel, square also has an oval or round end of the round The vast majority of the spores are (-) x x (-) (Figure) In the malt juice agar bevel dashes cultured sky colony white is hairy or powdery dermal or lipid mud type The shape of mycelium and spores is similar to that of malt juice The spores of the cultured spores sprouted on the malt agar of the malt juice agar to form the mycelium has a cross-section alglot at the edge of the dropbreak, some of the mycelium fractures into the spores; The large colonies on the malt agar on the malt juice are raised with a diameter of the day after the culture, and the colonies of the cultured days are white in the form of fluff or powder This bacteria can hydrolyse protein, most of which can liquefy gelatin and milk a few can only be dissolved milk but not liquefy gelatin; From animal waste, organic fertilizer, rotten vegetables, vegetables, vegetables, green vegetables, leaves, green feed, pickles and soil waste can be separated to white mold Among them, the most distributed fertilizer and animal waste on rotten vegetables The nutritional value of white mold is no worse than that of the production of false silk yeast, so it is available for consumption and used as feed can also be used to extract nucleic acids White mold can also synthesize fat but yield less than red yeast, fat yeast and so on """""Commonly used yeasts in the fermentation industry" "Commonyyks commonly used in fermentation industry" (seven) powdery yeast (seven) Bechchi yeast genus cells with diverse forms of multilateral germination; Powdery bichie yeast is a recently developed genetic engineering expression host it has many advantages: (1) containing the unique (alcohol oxidase gene) promoter with methanol can strictly regulate its expression; ;(4) Gene expression products can be both intracellular and can be secreted to the extracellular secretion of heterogenous proteins accounted for more than % of all secreted proteins in favor of industrial-scale production; Using recombinant genetic ally engineering Bichi yeast has been effectiveinated to express phytic enzymes Bichiye yeast is a methanol yeast external protein glycosylation and other closer to mammalian cells, and the current more widely used wine yeast is often over-colysation these are the main reasons for the increasing attention of bichiyy Its expression system has rapidly become one of the important protein expression systems and is now widely used in various laboratories The protein level of using Bichi yeast is higher than that of wine yeast and is suitable for high-density fermentation, so it is more suitable for industrial production """""""Common yeasts commonly used in fermentation industry" "Common yeasts commonly used in fermentation industry" (eight) glycerin fake silk yeast () cell cylinder shape, egg round size is () s x () s s s It is easy to form pseudo-bacteria without the production of subcyscans (figure) The molecular weight of mitochondria is about consistent with the typical characteristics of false silk yeast Carbon sources are mainly glucose, sucrose and ethanol to glycerin, citric acid weak and slow use of inositolinol, erthrifirol, arabic alcohol, glycol and nitrate and color-rendering reaction negative The bacteria has unique physiological and biochemical characteristics When anaerobic, the strain only for glucose microfermentation to maltose, sucrose, lactose and semi-lactose non-fermented assimilated glucose, sucrose, lactose and semi-lactose can assimilate ethanol and hydrocarbon growth do not require an external vitamin; It has the characteristics of synthesis and secretion of high concentration of glycerin is currently used in China for the industrial production of fermented glycerin excellent strains The high industrial production of glycerin yield of this strain has also reached, the high seepage resistance can grow in the medium containing glucose, so the fermentation process rarely appears in the bacteria fermentation conditions rough, sugar consumption conversion rate of more than % The strain is similar to the Cruise false silk yeast ( ) many similar early names to Cruise false silk yeast.