Congenital heart defects: understanding the morphological occurrence of the heart and the origin of cells.

According to a study by researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in the United States, they identified a group of cells in early embryonic development that form the heart's celiac cavity, and that these celiac ancestral cells are specific.
the study was published February 14 in Nature Communications.
heart development involves a complex morphological process that integrates cells from multiple origins into a well-organized structure.
the normal differentiation of the ancestral cell population and the response of these cells to space-time-specific genes in early embryos are key to the successful formation of the heart's four chambers.
errors in the process can lead to congenital heart defects, the most common type of birth defect.
, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, congenic heart disease affects about 8/1,000 newborns and more than 1 million adults in the United States.
the treatment of these defects has improved, the underlying causes are still rarely understood.
Refore, understanding the morphological and cell origin of the heart will improve our understanding of heart defects and provide important guidance for designing better in-body models and regeneration methods using erythrogenic stem cell (PSC) systems.
In mice, chickens, and zebrafish, studies have identified four major subcellular groups that form different regions of a mature heart: the first heart domain (FHF), the second heart region (SHF), the neural crucible cells, and the epinectic membrane organ (PEO).
FHF and SHF produce most of the heart: the left aricle, most of the adricles, and part of the right aricle are derived from the FHF;
there is no strict cavity-specific approach in these ancestral cell groups.
unique morphological and functional differences between amphetial and aricular myocardial cells led us to ask whether chamber-specific ancestral cell groups existed before arid and acardial differentiation.
using mouse models to track cell linees, the researchers found that groups of ancestral cells expressing Foxa2 during early development formed myocardial cells in the left and right chambers, rather than a heart cell.
the chamber compartment may have occurred long before the form of the cardiac differentiation chamber was established.
use Foxa2 to label the ancestral cell population in the primary embryo, selectively producing cells in the chamber and the epidural.
, Foxa2 genealogy tracking enables the observation and separation of expected chamber cells throughout development.
Foxa2 is a transcription factor that is active during the primary intestinal embryo and has previously been found to be primarily involved in genealogical differentiation of the development of the endosperm and outer embryo layers, rather than playing a role in heart development.
using mixed chimosa, the researchers found that Foxa2 was needed for the normal development of cerial cells.
, the researchers used a mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) system to determine that foxa2-derived heart muscle cells, Foxa2 defective embryonic stem cells (mESCs), had reduced cardiac differentiation.
also provides a way to genetically mark the cerencular ancestral cell population during the formation of the primary embryo, so that the cerative cells can be personally indicated at any stage during development.
reference: Foxa2 identifies a cardiac progenitor population with ventricular source potential.