Difficulties in the domestic soybean seed industry: technically stuck on the "...

Seeds are agricultural "chips"

Experts suggest strengthening the identification, evaluation and utilization of soybean germplasm resources, strengthening the integration of breeding technology innovation and breeding practice, intensifying research on soybean planting supporting technologies, solving the problem of disconnection in a targeted manner, and making a turnaround for the soybean seed industry

Increase in the number of approved varieties and increase in soybean yield

Although soybeans are not a staple food, they have a great impact on meat prices and edible oil prices, and are directly related to people's quality of life

During the soybean field management period, the soybeans have been closed and are growing well.

"Dongsheng 7" was cultivated by Li Yanhua, a researcher at the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

In recent years, the selection and breeding of new soybean varieties in China has developed to a certain extent, and high-yielding soybean varieties continue to appear

Heilongjiang Province is China's main soybean producing area, and soybean area and output account for about half of the country

According to Luan Xiaoyan, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China has developed rapidly in the selection and breeding of new soybean varieties.

Soybean breeding technology has also been continuously improved

Feng Xianzhong said that traditional breeding methods take about 10 years to cultivate a new variety.

Triple disconnection restricts the development of soybean seed industry

Although China has made some progress in the selection and application of new soybean varieties, there is still a certain gap compared with the main soybean producing countries such as the United States, Brazil, Argentina and other countries.

First, there is a disconnect between the protection and utilization of soybean germplasm resources

Second, the degree of soybean industrialization is low, and there is a disconnect between scientific research and the market

Third, there is a disconnect between good soybean varieties and good law

Backward breeding technology and insufficient investment are the crux

Luan Xiaoyan said that China’s soybean breeding technology is relatively backward, and it is still in the breeding era that combines hybrid breeding and molecular technology-assisted breeding.

Feng Xianzhong said that the construction and management of germplasm resources is more of a public welfare nature, and it is difficult to produce papers and other results, which to a certain extent leads to a relatively low level of protection and utilization of soybean germplasm resources

According to some experts, the main body of domestic soybean breeding research is mostly local agricultural science academies and institutes, and most developed countries are large enterprises.
From the perspective of funding security, it is a confrontation between ten thousand yuan and one hundred million yuan
.
Feng Xianzhong gave an example.
Genotype identification is one of the core technologies of soybean molecular design breeding.
In the past, the cost was high, and about 100,000 genotype identifications were needed to breed good varieties.
The cost is about 10 million yuan.
Currently, through optimization, The cost can be reduced to about 2 million yuan, but for ordinary enterprises, the cost is still high
.

Luan Xiaoyan said that with the development of molecular biology and genomics, theoretical research on molecular markers, gene mapping, gene editing, and molecular design breeding of important traits in soybeans has advanced by leaps and bounds, but the combination of innovation and application of these breeding technologies is out of touch
.
At present, breeding units at or below the provincial level that are most directly facing production still use hybrid selection as the main breeding method.
The breeding cycle is long and the breeding efficiency is low, making it difficult to meet the needs of industrial development
.

In addition, the traditional soybean production of one household in China belongs to extensive management and management.
Repeated cropping will increase the number of pests and diseases, and it is difficult to achieve the standardization of soil preparation, sowing, management, and harvesting.
This is compared with the production conditions of some major soybean producing countries abroad.
A certain gap is also an important reason why soybean yield and quality are difficult to increase substantially
.

In 2019, the soybean variety "Henong 71" selected by Guo Tai, a researcher from Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and his team, produced 447.
47 kilograms per mu in the experimental field in Xinjiang, breaking the record for domestic soybean varieties
.
Guo Tai said that soybean is a light and temperature sensitive crop, and the suitable planting area for high-yield varieties is relatively single, which is difficult to promote across regions
.
If it is not compatible with the farming system, it will be even more difficult to achieve sustained high and stable output
.

Promote the linkage of breeding, production, education and research and research and development of supporting technologies

Soybean breeding experts suggest that multiple measures should be taken to fight a turnaround in soybean breeding and industrial development
.

First, strengthen the identification, evaluation and utilization of soybean germplasm resources
.
Luan Xiaoyan suggested that the collection, protection, identification, and evaluation system of soybean germplasm resources should be improved by relying on national and local germplasm resources banks, and through high-throughput, large-scale phenotype and genotype identification, attention and discovery of germplasm carrying excellent genetic resources Materials; establish a high-throughput genotype-phenotype database, create a germplasm resource management and sharing platform, and provide more gene sources for breeding
.

Second, strengthen the integration of breeding technology innovation with breeding practice, and promote the industrial application of new soybean varieties
.
Luan Xiaoyan, Li Yanhua and others suggested to speed up the formation of more modern breeding teams and form a "scientific research school + enterprise" model, with upstream and downstream linkages, complementary advantages, and collaborative research
.
On the basis of hybrid breeding, gradually innovate and integrate molecular markers and other technologies, directly apply them to breeding practice, promote the integration process of "breeding, propagation and promotion", and promote the conversion of scientific and technological achievements into productivity as soon as possible
.

Third, increase research on supporting technologies for soybean planting
.
Experts suggest that relevant departments should increase support and increase research on soybean planting technologies in the form of scientific and technological projects, so as to realize the organic combination of good land, good seeds and good methods in production, and develop in the direction of standardization and large-scale production
.
In terms of breeding, continue to strengthen scientific and technological innovation, use modern breeding technology to realize the aggregation of multi-character genes of varieties, and improve soybean yield, quality and resistance
.