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Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) are recombinant
DNA
molecules designed for propagation of large and instable foreign DNA fragment in
Escherichia coli
. BACs are used in genetics of large DNA viruses such as herpes and baculoviruses for propagation and manipulation of complex genomic regions or even entire viral genomes in one piece. Viral genomes in BACs are ready for the advanced tools of
E. coli
genetics. These techniques based on homologous or site-specific recombination allow engineering of virtually any kind of genetic changes. In the recent years, BAC technology was also adapted to manipulation of adenovirus genomes and became an effective alternative to traditional genetic engineering of recombinant adenoviruses.