Feed safety control strategy of pig industry -- plant extract

A large number of data show that plant extracts are regarded as the first alternative of antibiotics because of their safety, high efficiency, stability and controllability It is of great significance to promote the safety of feed and animal products, protect the health of consumers, and comprehensively promote the sustainable and healthy development of feed industry Overview of plant extracts Modern typical plant feed additives are mainly composed of plant extracts from one or more sources Some plants have been used as human food or components of human food, such as rosemary, thyme, oregano, yucca, garlic, various citrus, fenugreek and anise, phytoestrogens, plant polysaccharides and other plant extracts The plant extract additive has the function of antibacterial and bactericidal, which can effectively resist the pathogenic bacteria causing inflammation, infection, diarrhea and coccidia; it also has a strong killing effect on those bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotic growth promoting agents, so as to effectively ensure the intestinal health of animals, prevent and control animal diarrhea, and improve the production performance of animals Application of plant extracts in pig breeding there are more than 100 kinds of Chinese herbal plant extracts which can be used as feed additives, such as garlic, pepper, wormwood leaf, pine needle leaf, ginger, cinnamon, prickly ash, pepper, Litsea cubeba, Andrographis, isatis root, sweet grass, Atractylodes macrocephala, Ophiopogon japonicus, agrimony, etc Chinese herbal feed additive contains many kinds of nutrients and bioactive substances, and has two functions of nutrition and medicine It has the advantages of simple and cheap, multi-functional, non-toxic side effects, no drug resistance and so on The results showed that the extracts of garlic, dysentery / oregano and mustard showed strong antibacterial ability The natural extract (OEO) of dysentery / Origanum vulgare has good antioxidant and immunomodulatory functions, strong antibacterial, stable and easy to use It can effectively control diarrhea of piglets, reduce mortality, significantly promote growth and improve feed conversion rate Tian Yunbo added Astragalus, white peony, tuckahoe, Guanzhong, Baizi, joyous, scholar, Fructus aurantii, Petunia, rhubarb, bupleurum and other Chinese herbal medicines to the growing pig diet It was found that Tian Yunbo could effectively improve the production performance of the experimental pig, and the changes of serum biochemical indexes and growth promoting related hormones were also consistent with the production performance It was confirmed that the growth promoting effect of Tian Yunbo was through affecting the endocrine of the pig Achieved through activities The results of slaughtering experiment showed that the addition of natural herbal extracts could significantly increase the lean meat percentage, reduce the fat percentage and back fat thickness of the carcass, significantly increase the fat content between muscles, and increase the tenderness, juiciness and fragrance of the meat Plant estrogens with weak estrogen like activity of daidzein can significantly increase the weight gain and feed utilization efficiency of male animals It can improve the levels of testosterone, d-endorphin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, triiodothyronine, thyroxine and insulin, but it can reduce the concentration of urea nitrogen and cholesterol in blood, thus promoting the deposition of muscle protein and accelerating the growth and development of muscle Daidzein is widely used in lactating livestock because it can combine with E2 receptors in hypothalamus, pituitary and so on to different extent, affect sexual axis and growth axis of animal neuroendocrine system, promote the development of animal mammary gland and affect endocrine activity, so daidzein is widely used in promoting the development of mammary gland and related endocrine activity, affecting metabolism activity and milk composition of the body Good effect Plant active polysaccharides Polysaccharide is not only the structural substance of plant cells, but also the main source of cell energy It also has anti-tumor, anti-virus, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti complement and other biological activities, similar to nerve growth factor, which can significantly reduce the apoptosis caused by the addition of serum nutrition and amyloid peptide It was found that adding active polysaccharide to feed could significantly improve the performance and immune function of early weaned piglets, promote the growth of animals, the development of immune organs, antibody production, activate lymphocytes and reduce mortality Chinese pine and cypress plant extracts are quite rich in the resources of Pinaceae plants, with only 20 million hectares of Pinus massoniana The annual output of pine needles, pine bark and twigs is about 300 million tons The plant preparation powder extracted from the wild plants of Pinaceae and Cupressaceae mainly consists of methylisopropylcyclohexadiene, proanthocyanidins, catechins and various unsaturated fatty acids It not only has good nutritional value, but also can regulate the immunity and metabolism of the body through a large number of active substances, so as to improve the health level of livestock and poultry Among them, alkene, alkene ketone and flavone can obviously enhance the humoral and cellular immune function, promote the antigen antibody reaction and lymphocyte transformation; volatile oil can enhance the body immunity and macrophage phagocytosis; organic acid and tannin can also promote the body immunity The growth performance of growing and finishing pigs can be improved by adding pine and cypress plant preparation powder to feed Lichen plant extracts lichen is a symbiotic complex composed of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria Most of the symbiotic fungi in lichen are Ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes are few Lichen symbiotic fungi can absorb external water and inorganic salt to supply algae, maintain a certain humidity and obtain the raw materials needed for photosynthesis; algae and cyanobacteria in the symbiont contain chlorophyll, which can carry out photosynthesis and provide nutrients for lichen In addition, in the comparison of the antiseptic ingredients of lichen, such as usnic acid and sodium salt, dehydrated acetic acid and sodium salt, benzoic acid and sodium salt, propionic acid salt and sorbic acid, it is found that lichen extract has the same function as the chemical antiseptic currently used, and the usage limit is far away It is much higher than the chemical synthetic preservative, with high safety and wide range of inhibition PH value between 5-7 has a strong antibacterial effect In the process of processing and storage, feed is often polluted by mould, which not only reduces the nutritional value, but also causes acute and chronic poisoning of livestock and poultry because some mould can produce different mycotoxins; Lichen contains not only the effective components of antisepsis, but also the nutrition factors such as calcium, iron and polysaccharide Therefore, the comprehensive development and utilization of lichen plant resources for feed additives can not only play the role of antisepsis, but also improve the nutritional value of feed and reduce the cost, which has a good prospect of development and application.