Fetal fecal bacteria or mainly from amniotic bacteria.

The intestinal bacteribi is closely related to human health, and in order to further understand the origin of fetal intestinal bacteri groups, this trial will explore the structure of fetal intestinal virulology and the microbiome structure of various samples of the mother (amniotic fluid, feces, vaginal and saliva) to provide a scientific basis for protecting fetal intestinal health.Trial DesignTrial Details 1. Study Subjects recruited 39 healthy maternal volunteers from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Inner Mongolia Medical University Hospital, and collected 19 from 39 mothers and their newborns. 2 samples, including fetal feces (39), mother feces (39), female amniocal water (39), female vaginal secretion (39) and mother saliva (36).:all babies are born at full moon (8 delivered by caesarean section and 31 by natural birth) and the mother was not treated with antibiotics during her pregnancy.. 2. Testing methodscollect samples of maternal feces, amniocal, vaginal secretion and saliva within 24 hours of delivery, and collect fetal feces samples from the first few hours after delivery and conduct a series of tests.test results (1) Microbiome Diversitygenerated a total of 1118,229 16S rRNA original readings from 192 samples, 858,981 read fragments were obtained through PyNAST ratio and 100% sequence ismogeneity clusters, and 24,1042 different OTUus were identified with 98.65% sequence similarity.the Xiangnon diversity curve leveled off, indicating that the sequencing depth was sufficient to reflect the vast majority of microbial species information in the sample. However, the Shannon Diversity Index varies widely between groups (fetal feces of 6.92 to 0.75; maternal amniotic fluid to 4.68 to 1.94; maternal feces to 7.77 to 0.91; vaginal secretion to 3.80 to 1.75; saliva to 8.11 to 0.54). A pair comparison of the Shannon Diversity Index using the Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between most sample groups (P 0.001).The microbial differences between fetal feces and maternal samples were assessed using the main coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Bray-Curtis correlation analysis (Figure 1), and it was found that the maternal saliva samples were significantly aggregated on the weighted and un weighted UniFrac PCoA score map (Figure 1a,b), indicating that the microbiome structure of the maternal saliva samples was different from other sample types. In addition, maternal amniotro fiery, vaginal secretions, and fetal fecal samples were closely positioned, while female fecal samples formed a separate cluster (Figure 1a), and fetal fecal samples were found to be significantly distributed in the upper left position on the unstialed UniFrac PCoA score chart, while others were in the lower left position (Figure 1b). There was also a lower Bray-Curtis difference in fetal fecal samples (0.6840; Figure 1c).
1: Analysis of microbiome diversity in each sample . (2) A specific type of OTUin the sample was identified in all samples of a specific type of OTU (Figure 2), of which the mother saliva sample in the most specific OTU (147 species), followed by the female amniotatric sample 98 species, fetal manure for 82 species, the mother feces for 62 species, the mother vaginal secretion for 54 species (Figure 2a). At the species level, the number of OTUs shared among the female amniocal water-mother feces, female amniocal water-mother vaginal secretion and female amniocal water-fetal feces sample pairs was 11, 3 and 2 respectively (Figure 2b).
2: Details of the specific OTU classification . (3) Predicting the origin of fetal fecal microorganisms through Source Tracker Source Tracker analysis shows that 8.03 to 2.73% of fetal feces OTU matches the mother sample (Table 1), and the mother-fetal pairing can be divided into 10 groups according to its OTU matching mode, fetal feces-mother amniocal water sample The highest content of OTU in the pair (4.12 x 1.57%), followed by fetal feces -maternal vaginal secretion sample pair (2.01 x 1.14%) and fetal feces -maternal fecal sample pair (1.81 x 1.04%). Compared with other samples, fetal feces-mother saliva samples were much smaller in the pair of OTUs.Table 1: Mother-newborns are paired according to the OTU pattern shared between fetal feces and the maternal microbiome (4) predicting the maternal origin of fetal fecal microorganisms through DYAD analysisResults It was found that the OTU types of amniotic fluid and fetal feces were the largest (18.59 x 3.22), followed by maternal feces (15.20 x 3.22), vaginal secretion (7.72 x 1.45) and maternal saliva (2.03 x 0.89) (Figure 3a). There are 8 genus of fetal fetal feces (Bacillus spores, psythrobacteria, Campylobacter, Ethella, Fecal bacteria, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus) and a common sample of maternal amniotic fluid (Figure 3b), with 13 and 1 genus and maternal feces and maternal saliva, respectively (Figure 3c). There were 48 common bacteria in the fetal fecal microbiome and amniotic fluid samples, the largest number of other samples compared to the mother.
3: Predicting maternal sources of fetal fecal microbiome through double analysis . (5) Fetal fecal sterilization groups of different modes of delivery through PCoA and Bray-Curtis differential distance analysis to assess caesarean section and natural delivery fetal fecal bacteria, found that there was no significant clustering on the weighted and unstialized UniFrac distance PCoA score chart, Bray-Curtis similarity did not differ significantly, indicating that the effect of delivery mode on fetal fecal bacteria group is not significant. However, it was found that there were significantly more Ethella bacteria in the six fetal feces samples of natural delivery than in the other samples (62.01 per cent, 3.22 per cent of the other samples). (6) Amniotic fluid herds of different modes of delivery Through non-measured multi-dimensional scale (NMDS) analysis and Adonis testing, it was found that there were no significant clusters on the NMDS score chart of amniotic fluid bacteria in the two modes of delivery, indicating that there were no significant differences in the structure of maternal amniotic bacteria under different modes of delivery, and Adonis tests did not find significant differences between the two modes of delivery. Tum Results Some fetal fecal microbiomes were also detected in multiple maternal samples, and the characteristics of fetal fecal microbiomes and amniotic fluid microbiomes were more similar than those of other maternal samples, i.e., fetal fecal bacteria or mainly from maternal amniotic fluid microbiomes, there were significant differences in the structure of the bacteria between the samples of different parts of the mother, and there were as many as 98 species of specific OTUs in the maternal amniotic fluid microbiome. Using Source Tracker to predict the origin of fetal fecal microorganisms, it was found that fetal feces is closest to the female amniotic fluid sample, and through DYAD prediction analysis, it is found that there are 8 common genus and 48 common bacteria between fetal fecal bacteria and amniotic fluid bacteria. At the same time, the effects of different delivery methods on the structure of the bacteria were analyzed, and it was found that the different modes of delivery did not cause significant differences in fetal fecal bacteria and amniotic bacteria.
.