Fill in the blanks! The nasal microbiome is also affecting health.

The upper respiratory tract is an important barrier closely related to the external air transmission environment. It is an important part of symbiotic flora, which is essential for its homeostasis and function.the direct effects of gut and oral microbiome on human health have been extensively studied.however, the research on beneficial microorganisms of human upper respiratory tract is still scarce.the existing studies are observational, and there is no functional exploration on the role of specific bacteria in respiratory health and disease.recently, a new study published in cell reports has filled in the gap and found that there is a similar link between the microbes in the nasal cavity and our health.that's right! Just like other parts of the body, our nasal cavity and upper respiratory tract are also microbial nests.these bacteria colonized in the nasal cavity are "mixed", which either protect our health or make us more susceptible to diseases.the new study, led by microbiologist Sarah lebeer of the University of Antwerp in Belgium, was inspired by her old mother.the old mother has not only migraine, but also chronic sinusitis, which often leads to pain and swelling of her sinuses and nasal cavity.Sarah lebeer lebeer said, "my mother tried a lot of different treatments, but none of them worked.looking at her suffering, I feel sorry that I can't give her some probiotics or probiotics in her nasal cavity to help her alleviate, because no one has really studied them. As a result, lebeer and his team decided to fill the gap.they analyzed the bacteria in the nasal cavity of 100 healthy volunteers and 225 patients with chronic sinusitis, and identified a total of 30 different bacteria.one of them, lactic acid bacteria, is particularly prominent.the researchers found that lactic acid bacteria were enriched in the nasal cavity of healthy volunteers: the abundance of lactic acid bacteria in their nasopharynx was more than three times higher than that in patients with sinusitis, and in some cases even as high as 10 times.Image Source: cell reports identified a Lactobacillus strain that seems to have adapted to the nasal environment, evolved unique genes to control hyperoxia levels in the nasal cavity, and used tubes called fimbriae to help it adhere.the adaptation of Lactobacillus from upper respiratory tract to oxidative stress.Image Source: cell reports later, the next problem for researchers was to test whether the presence of these lactic acid bacteria could be artificially introduced as probiotics, which is not easy to do with animal models. lebeer said: "in fact, there is no really ideal animal or mechanical model to study the interaction between nasal bacteria and human hosts. the microbiota in the nose of mice must be different from ours. "finally, the team created an experiment in which Lactobacillus strains were sprayed into the nasal cavities of 20 healthy volunteers twice a day for two weeks. although foreign bodies are usually filtered out of the nasal cavity, lactic acid bacteria can be colonized in the nasal cavity. Image Source: cell reports the team has not yet scientifically measured any potential health effects of this intervention, but some participants reported that they could breathe more freely as a result. therefore, it can be used as a proof of concept to show the possibility of treating diseases with respiratory probiotics. it should be pointed out that the sample size of this study is relatively small, which means it is too early to summarize the overall population, so please do not rush your nose to drink yogurt. that is to say, this study provides sufficient evidence that the microbial community in the nose can affect our health, just like that in the gut and other parts of the body. the team says that in the future, it may be possible to come up with safe and effective treatments to cultivate certain nasal bacteria to improve health. lebeer said: "we believe that some patients can improve their health by remodeling the microenvironment in the nasal cavity or inoculating them with beneficial bacteria. but we still have a long way to go in clinical and further mechanism research. 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