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Source—nextquestion
Written by Aaron
Editor—Summer Leaf
When we are awake, we always feel that the brain is a machine that never tires and is always running, but at a certain moment, we suddenly find that our brain is blank and our thinking is stagnant, as if the machine is down - what is the "thinking blank"?
A recent article published in the top international journal PNAS brings us the latest research
on thinking gaps.
First, the researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Collect mental state information on healthy participants; Then, the collected data is further analyzed by machine learning; It was found that when thinking blankly, the brain organizes communication in a special way, and this hyperconnection is characterized by the high amplitude of the fMRI global signal, which is also characteristic of
low cortical arousal levels.
Simply put, when thinking is blank, our brain is in a state similar to deep sleep, but unlike deep sleep, we are awake at
this time.
The researchers say the state of mind blanks suggests that the boundaries between sleep and wakefulness may not be as discrete as they seem, but rather have potentially deeper biological mechanisms
.
Mortaheb S, Van Calster L, Raimondo F, et al.
Mind blanking is a distinct mental state linked to a recurrent brain profile of globally positive connectivity during ongoing mentation.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2022 Oct 11; 119(41):e2200511119.
doi: 10.
1073/pnas.
2200511119.
Epub 2022 Oct 4.
PMID: 36194631.
Does mental illness increase the risk of dementia?
In real life, many patients with mental disorders often suffer from dementia in old age, what is the relationship between mental disorders and the risk of dementia?
A recent meta-analysis published in the journal Psychological Medicine collected data from 11 studies and nearly 13 million participants in nine countries to find a link between mental disorders and dementia risk, the first high-quality systematic review to analyse the correlation between multiple mental disorders and dementia risk
。 The results of the study showed:
Many different types of mental disorders, including depression, anxiety and Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are associated with an increased risk of dementia later in life, regardless of the patient's age at which the disorder was first diagnosed; Of all the mental disorders, schizophrenia and dementia are most closely associated with an increased risk of dementia, with a 2.
5-fold
increased risk of dementia in people with schizophrenia compared with patients without a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Researchers are currently unable to determine whether this association is due to the disease itself or whether the disease increases the risk of developing dementia by increasing the development of other diseases
.
However, it is confirmed that people with mental disorders may have a higher risk of developing other diseases, so more attention needs to be paid to the physical and mental health management
of such patients.
Read the paper: Miniawi SE, Orgeta V, Stafford J.
Non-affective psychotic disorders and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Psychol Med.
2022 Oct 6:1-13.
doi: 10.
1017/S0033291722002781.
Epub ahead of print.
PMID: 36200264.
One of the most important biological rhythms of human beings is the circadian rhythm, which is simply made at sunrise and rests
at sunset.
Although it is simple to say, the neuromodulation mechanism behind it is very complex: many people in modern society have to face the trouble caused by insomnia or jet lag, so that they have to take psychostimulants to regulate sleep rhythms
.
So, how do psychostimulants act on sleep-wake regulation?
In previous studies, it has been recognized that the center that controls the sleep-wake rhythm is located in the hypothalamus
.
Recently, a research team from the Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Brain Research Center of the Medical University of Vienna, successfully found the cell population (Th+/Dat1+) in the hypothalamus involved in psychostimulant regulation through chemical genetics, optogenetics and behavior.
These cells can recognize changes in dopamine receptors in the lateral septum of the brain, thereby regulating circadian rhythms; Psychostimulants can affect the secretion of dopamine in the lateral septum, which in turn affects sleep-wake regulation
.
The researchers say the new findings about circadian rhythm regulation patterns will help understand the mechanisms behind psychostimulants' work, while also leading to new treatments
for ADHD and circadian change-related diseases.
Korchynska, S.
, Rebernik, P.
, Pende, M.
et al.
A hypothalamic dopamine locus for psychostimulant-induced hyperlocomotion in mice .
Nat Commun 13, 5944 (2022).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41467-022-33584-3
End of this article
