Future biologics are completely replacing antibiotics in fermented feed?

Channel News: Biofeed is based on microbial fermentation technology as the core production of animal feed or feed raw materials, its main characteristics are containing a large number of lactic acid bacteria or yeast and other beneficial to animal health microorganismsSince January 2006, the EU has banned the addition of antibiotics to animal feedSubsequently, Japan and South Korea and other Asian countries have also developed animal and poultry antibiotic-free breeding normsBefore and after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, China has received unprecedented attention in biofeed and animal and poultry antibiotic-free breedingMicrobial fermentation technology provides the feed industry with a large number of products such as amino acids (lysine, sucone and iaurea, etc.), vitamins (mainly B), enzymes, organic acids (lactic acid, acetic acid) and live bacteria preparationsTraditional feed processing methods (crushing, mixing, puffing, granulation, etc.) basically do not involve biochemical changes, microbial fermentation is a highly concentrated biochemical reaction, feed raw materials can be deeply processedMany feed nutritionists assert that it is difficult to make new breakthroughs in feed processing without the metabolic effects of microorganisms, and that it is difficult to promote and implement the healthy breeding of animals by developing the biofeed industry"p style" "text-align: center;"img src""alt""will future biologics completely replace antibiotics in fermented feed?" title??", the main formulation of alternative antibiotics1, live-in-the-formprobiotic symbiotics or micro-ecological agents, are directly fed to live animals by many beneficial micro-organismsThey can inhibit and exclude harmful microorganisms in the animal's gastrointestinal tract, metabolize a large number of organic acids, reduce the pH in the gastrointestinal tract, or produce hydrogen peroxide and small amounts of antibacterial substances such as lactic acid streptococcus peptides, acidophilias, etc., thus ensuring the normal flora structure of the gastrointestinal tractWhen animals continue to get probiotics from feed, can ensure the absolute advantage of beneficial microorganisms in the digestive tract, maintain the stability of the environment in the intestines of animals, and ensure the healthy growth of animals2, functional oligosaccharidesfunctional oligosaccharides are bioactive low-level polymeric sugars with straight chains or branch chains that are condensed from 2-10 monosaccharidesFunctional oligosaccharides are not the action of digestive enzymes secreted by the individual stomach animals themselves, when entering the intestinal section can be used as a nutrient by the beneficial bacteria in the intestines of animals to digest and use, so that the beneficial bacteria get selective increase, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, improve the animal's resistance to diseaseThe suitable functional oligosaccharide structure receptor can be combined with the exogenous coagulant of the pathogen, so that the pathogen does not adsorb to the intestinal wall, and can carry the pathogen through the intestine to excrete the body, preventing its reproduction in the intestine Some functional oligosaccharides can also act as cofactors for immune stimulation, improving animal immunity, which can replace all or part of antibiotic feed additives 3, plant extracts plant extracts are also known as herbal preparations, the more typical active ingredients are: allicin, tea polyphenols, aweic acid and bovine oil and so on allicin: allsicin has a significant inhibitory or killing effect on staphylococcus, meningitis, pneumococcal, streptococcus, diphtheria, dysentery, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, E coli, tuberculosis, vibtobacteria cholerae, etc It activates the secretion function of mononucleoblasts, so that the lysozyme releases a large number, lysozyme sly hydrolysis in the walls of bacterial cells, so that its cleavage and death, play an anti-infection role tea polyphenols: aka tea tannins, tea mania, is the general term of polyphenolic compounds in tea Mainly contains flavanols, hydroxy-4-flavanols and saline salts, flavonols and flavonoids, phenolic acids and phenols and other 4 types of compounds, of which flavanols in catechins is its main ingredient, content of about 70% of the polyphenols Tea polyphenols have the enhancement of the body's resistance, anti-bacterial, disease-resistant The anti-viral effect of tea polyphenols on animals is manifested in the ability to suppress the virus by regulating immunoglobulins, protecting animal cells from infection and improving the survival rate of infected animals In addition, tea polyphenols can also be used as an immune enhancer to promote the production of antibodies aweic acid: chemically named 4 hydroxyl one 3 1 methicillin cinnamon acid, is one of the derivatives of cinnamon acid Aweic acid has a broad-spectrum anti-bacterial anti-inflammatory effect, can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Shigella, Pneumococcus, E coli, E coli, Citrate, elp Aweic acid has no stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract, the presence of forms and metabolites in the body are water-soluble, can be absorbed by the body and can be discharged from the urine It does not accumulate in the body, will not remain in animal products, almost no toxicity oregano oil: Volatile oils containing a variety of active ingredients extracted from lip-shaped perennial herb cattle Bovine oil can destroy the internal and external material exchange balance of pathogenic microbial cells, lead to changes in the permeability of pathogenic microbial cell membranes, destroy the normal metabolic function of pathogenic microbial cells: enter the pathogenic microbial cells, change the membrane structure of the intracellular cell, make the physiological function of the important cell device lose; 4, specific compounds certain compounds can be used as an alternative to antibiotics, not only in animals do not remain long-term residue, there is no non-degradable pressure on the ecological environment There are many studies on such products, but there are few that actually form them At present, the more typical products on the market are potassium metformin, glycemia and lactoferrin Potassium metformin is a new feed additive, which is the first non-antibiotic feed additive product approved by the European Union to replace the growth-promoting agent of antibiotics, which has a significant effect on the growth and control of piglets It can reduce the prevalence of salmonella in the growth of fattening pigs, can also be sent to the small intestine to deliver to the color of color, in the small intestine inhibited the growth of gram-negative bacteria (e.g E coli, salmonella) Lactoferrin, or LF, is an iron-binding glycoprotein with broad-spectrum antibacterial effect LF inhibits both iron-in-demand Grameen-negative bacteria (e.g salmonella, E coli, Shigella, etc.) and Gram-positive bacteria (e.g single-cell hyperpluse listeria, staphylococcus, etc.), but animal gut beneficial bacteria such as streptococcus, biphisycoccus and Lactobacillus are resistant to LF In addition, lactoferrin also has an antiviral effect, natural LF can inhibit the human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus on the M-cell synthetic fibroblast lesions, in addition, can inhibit the activity of influenza virus However, due to the high cost of lactoferrin, it is rarely used in actual production Glycecharide is a product developed with sugar and triamcinolone as the main body, and is also the first feed additive innovation product approved by the Ministry of Agriculture, and the national AA-grade pure natural green feed additive certified by the National Green Development Center The bioactive substances contained in glycosine (including sugars (30%), triamcinolone (30%) and organic acids have a regulated mesh endothelial system that enhances the activity of macrophages, lymphocytes, and leukocyte interleukins Improve antibody level, regulate cAMP and cGMP content and supplement production It is shown to enhance the body's nonspecific immune response, improve the health status of livestock and poultry, and at the same time, strengthen the specific immune effect, strengthen the cell immunity and body fluid immunity, improve the disease vaccination effect, prolong the duration of the immunity, improve the treatment effect, shorten the treatment and recovery time, improve the performance of livestock and poultry production 5, antimicrobial peptides antimicrobial peptides are a class of small molecular peptides, also known as bacteriins This kind of substance mainly through the degradation of microbial cell membrane, so that the cell membrane leakage, the loss of protoplasm in the cell, resulting in microbial cell death This kind of substance has a strong specificity, many kinds, and the half-life is relatively short, will not put pressure on the ecological environment, is an ideal alternative to antibiotics The main characteristics of antibacterial peptides: (1) high-efficiency antibacterial activity, antibacterial spectrum generally includes E coli, Staphylococcus aureus, single-cell hypertrophic listeria and salmonella and other harmful bacteria; The addition of the above products is generally at 0.1% order of magnitude, although there is a certain effect on the health of livestock and poultry, but in China's conventional breeding conditions to achieve the requirements of non-resistance is still very difficult What would be the effect if the addition swelled to 1.0% or 5.0%? Is it economically feasible? What products are most likely to be resistant? Plant extracts, live bacteria preparations (including microbial fermentation compounds) are likely to be antibiotic-free if the cost of feeding is not taken into account Economically, live bacterial preparations have more advantages and potential than plant extracts The focus of future research should consider how to reduce the cost of production of such additives so that they can be used more without increasing the cost of farming , the essence of biofeed fermentation feed can be seen as a compound of live bacteria preparations and fermented substrates, is based on plant-based agricultural and by-products as the main raw material (base), through the metabolic action of microorganisms, degradation of some polysaccharides, proteins and fats and other macromolecules, the formation of organic acids, soluble polypeptides and other small molecular substances, the formation of nutrient-rich, good taste, high live bacteria biological feed feed 1, the basic principle of microbial fermentation feed the principle of cooperation: in nature, the pure-seed culture of microorganisms is almost non-existent Like human society, there is an interdependent and collaborative relationship between microorganisms, and they have a high efficiency of cooperation Theoretically, their cooperation efficiency is higher than that of human society the first principle of health: the microbial composition of the animal's digestive tract (or microecological zone) is the result of the long-term evolution of organisms and is a balanced system corresponding to the environment This system ensures that animals have the highest possible level of health in the corresponding living environment, and secondly considertheirly their growth and reproduction capacity the principle of balance: when an animal is free and healthy, its microbial system is a near-perfect balance, and it is impossible for us humans to create a zone that is superior to this balance, including the coordination of metabolic systems such as hormones, energy and proteins But when the zone is unbalanced or the animals are in a sub-healthy state, there are some things we can do to help them regain their lost balance 2, the efficacy of the feeding microbiological agents reflectthe the effect of the feeding microbiological agents need to combine a variety of factors If the animal is in good health, there is no difference between preparation plus and no If the amount of additions is small and the effect is limited, it is difficult to show the difference The type of microorganism has no correspondence with the animal used and will not have an effect Animal health problems have their own specificities, even if all belong to the digestive tract disease, there can be no cure The microbial composition of the digestive tract of healthy animals is in an ideal equilibrium state There are problems with the health of the digestive tract, and the composition of microorganisms must change Eliminating this difference allows the composition of the digestive tract microorganisms to quickly restore healthy balance, so that animals can quickly restore health 3, the method of restoring micro-ecological balance in the diseased digestive tract, there must be a certain or several micro-organisms in the number of very small, and there may be a particularly large number of one or several microorganisms We can supplement our deficiencies by adding the microbes that are lacking, which we call beneficial bacteria It is also possible to reduce excess microorganisms by means of drug killing, which is commonly referred to as harmful bacteria The proportion of microorganisms has the corresponding elasticity, as long as this elasticity does not exceed, the symptoms shown are healthy In general, the greater the elasticity, the greater the adaptability to the environment 4, the main characteristics of high-activity biological feed with natural fermentation fragrance, better palatability, good inducto-food inductod effect Contains a large number of beneficial bacteria The number of harmful bacteria (typical of E coli, salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus) is extremely low, at no more than 10cfu/g The pH of the finished product is low, at about 4.5, and contains more organic acids (mainly lactic acid and acetic acid) three, production process 1, pure culture of the general process the current popular microbial live bacteria preparations are basically the use of pure culture production, its typical process is as follows: raw materials one disinfection one cooling one inoculated one training one thousand dry one packaging Raw materials need to be disinfected, finished products need to be dried, in the fermentation process needs to strictly control the circulation of air and the release of fermentation heat, operation control is very cumbersome The consideration of technical theory is very careful, but often do not pay attention to the economics of technology, little consideration is given to the operability of technology An economically unfeasible technology is difficult to roll out in real production 2, traditional anaerobic fermentation breathing consumption is very small, generally not more than 1.0%, metabolites are mainly organic acids and carbon dioxide, conducive to the preservation of nutrients The fermentation process has a small amount of heat dissipation and easy control Equipment investment is low, production costs are low, easy to promote The fermentation device is simpler and easier to handle Air pressure control is not subject to environmental and orientation restrictions Longer shelf life, wider raw materials, and small temperature gradient changes </