Genome Biol & Sci Adv: The 3D structure of the genome may affect the progression of bladder cancer and childhood brain cancer

Epigenetic blueprint and 3D genome structure related to subtypes in bladder cancer
.

Image source: Iyyanki, T.
, et al.
Genome Biol 22, 105 (2021).
doi: 10.
1186/s13059-021-02325-y

Genome Biol

June 9th, 2021 // - Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs, Pediatric high-grade gliomas) include glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and diffuse endogenous pontine glioma (DIPG, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma), which are all pathological brain tumors; even if the patients are treated, their survival rate is still very low, which makes pHGGs the number one cause of death due to cancer in children.
Up to 80% of DIPGs are present.
There is a somatic missense mutation in the gene encoding histone H3
.

Recently, two articles were published in the international journal Genome Biology entitled "Subtype-associated epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in bladder cancer" and the international journal Science Advances entitled "Epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in pediatric high-grade glioma" In the research report, scientists from Northwestern University and other institutions analyzed for the first time how the 3D structure of the patient’s body genome promotes the occurrence of bladder cancer and brain tumors in children

Genome Biology Science Advances scientists from Northwestern University and other institutions have analyzed for the first time how the 3D structure of the patient's body genome promotes the occurrence of bladder cancer and brain tumors in children

Image source: https://genomebiology.
biomedcentral.
com/articles/10.
1186/s13059-021-02325-y

Chromatin ring affects bladder cancer

Chromatin ring affects bladder cancer

In a research report published in Genome Biology, researchers found that the 3D structure of chromatin affects the progression of bladder cancer.
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer is divided into two main subtypes: basal type and luminal type, and basal type bladder cancer.
The invasiveness of bladder cancer is low, while luminal bladder cancer can invade nearby tissues and is directly related to the poor survival rate of patients.
These two bladder cancer subtypes often have special gene expression characteristics and genetic marker characteristics.
It can often be used as a special biomarker
.

By measuring these characteristics, researchers can assess whether the patient’s disease prognosis is good or bad

Researchers have found that the 3D structure of chromatin affects the progression of bladder cancer.

Researcher Yue said that we may be able to manipulate NPAS2 and other key regulators so that we can induce the switch of cancer subtypes, which has a profound impact on the prognosis of cancer patients and the effect of treatment
.

Image source: https://advances.
sciencemag.
org/content/7/23/eabg4126

Abnormal ring structure may promote brain cancer progression

Abnormal ring structure may promote brain cancer progression

In another research report published in the international journal Science Advances, researchers found through research that abnormal chromatin loops may be directly related to DIPG, which is a fatal childhood brain cancer; most of the time, chromatin All are condensed in the nucleus.
During cell division, chromatin will be disassembled to promote DNA replication and gene expression.
However, in the process of unpacking, certain three-dimensional spaces will be kept in a certain shape
.

Researchers have discovered through research that abnormal chromatin loops may be directly related to DIPG, which is a fatal childhood brain cancer; most of the time, chromatin is condensed in the cell nucleus.
During cell division, chromatin will be It is disassembled to promote DNA replication and gene expression.
However, in the process of unpacking, certain three-dimensional spaces will be kept in a certain shape
.

In normal cells, there is a baseline amount of these interactions or chromatin loops, but when testing DIPG cells, the researchers found more looping events.
It is worth noting that they also measured wrinkled DNA.
Changes in the ratio of DNA that can be read
.

In essence, the researchers found that DNA is unnecessarily read from the storage system, which promotes new genetic interactions that can help promote cancer progression

In summary, the results of the above two studies indicate that 3D gene changes may play a key role in the blueprint of pHGG epigenetics and the promotion of tumorigenesis
.

Moreover, the researchers also identified special epigenetic features and 3D genome structure in basal and luminal bladder cancer, which revealed a new relationship between the circadian transcription factor NPAS2 and clinical bladder cancer subtypes

Changes in 3D genes may play a key role in the blueprint of pHGG epigenetics and the promotion of tumorigenesis

Original source:

Iyyanki, T.
, Zhang, B.
, Wang, Q.
et al.
Subtype-associated epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in bladder cancer .
Genome Biol 22, 105 (2021).
doi: 10.
1186/s13059-021-02325-y

Iyyanki, T.
, Zhang, B.
, Wang, Q.
et al.
Subtype-associated epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in bladder cancer .
Genome Biol 22, 105 (2021).
doi: 10.
1186/s13059-021-02325-y Subtype-associated epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in bladder cancer Genome Biol

Juan Wang, Tina Yi-Ting Huang, Ye Hou, et al.
Epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in pediatric high-grade glioma , Science Advances   02 Jun 2021: Vol.
7, no.
23, eabg4126
DOI: 10.

1126/sciadv.

Juan Wang, Tina Yi-Ting Huang, Ye Hou, et al.
Epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in pediatric high-grade glioma , Science Advances   02 Jun 2021: Vol.
7, no.
23, eabg4126
DOI: 10.
1126/sciadv.
abg4126 Epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in pediatric high-grade glioma Science Advances