How do I control the quality of a microbial laboratory?

In recent years, with the continuous development of laboratory quality management with the continuous development of measurement certification and laboratory examination and accreditation with the continuous development of external communicationQuality control in experiments mainly refers to a technical activity to improve the quality level in the laboratory to meet the requirementsThe laboratory testing process is monitored to evaluate the test results to determine whether they are reliable and to investigate and analyze the unsatisfactory factors in the quality linkMicrobiological laboratory has always been a weakness in laboratory quality management due to the many factors of human and non-inman-to-human influenceFirst, several quality control-related definitions Quality control: to meet the quality requirements of the operating technology and activitiesQuality Assurance: Develop a range of system activities for the corresponding program implementation certification records in order to meet laboratory quality requirements External quality control: internal quality control of laboratory operations and results by calibration and or inspection of each other: continuous control plans for laboratory work through comparative analysis, tracking, and related methods taken within the laboratoryA quality manual: A collection of files or files that describe elements of a quality systemLaboratory requirements According to the concept approved by the national laboratory refers to an entity that can bear legal responsibilityThis refers to the quality management assurance system established in the laboratory micro-inspection roomPersonnel, housing equipment to meet the needs of inspection work, personnel requirements The classification of laboratory personnel: managers, technicians, technical support personnel, etcThe person in the corresponding position shall have the corresponding technical ability and the corresponding technical ability to prove the certificate and documentsThe microbiological laboratory is responsible for the technical work in the room because of the person with the appropriate technical abilityAnd the establishment of quality supervisorsHousing conditions require housing requirements: with suitable, spacious enough, ventilation has good lightingThe interior walls and floors of the house should be cleaned with easy-to-clean materialsThe setting of the room is divided into special rooms according to the content of the work carried out The size of the room should also be considered in terms of the number of participants in the experiment Environmental facilities require standard operating procedures and regular test calibration procedures for special room temperature and humidity control and recording sample storage room microbiological indicator control and recording of sterile rooms and other special studios The quality control of special facilities in special environments, such as clean rooms, shall conform to the requirements of purification workbench III, equipment control and procedures Commonly used to monitor equipment and equipment for microbial testing: chemical and biological incubators or incubators, drying boxes, autoclaves, purification workbench, meters, refrigerators or freezer thermometers, UV lamps, microscopes, centrifuges, balances , small metering containers, microbiological assays, microbiological verification instruments, air samplers, enzyme markers, etc Temperature control of autoclave pot, autoclave pot biological indication bacteria method commonly used, chemical color-changing paper sheet and autoclave pot thermometer and other methods for testing The bio-indicative bacteria method is an effect display method of autoclave pot Autoclave pot by the person according to the operation guide to operate and do a good job record each time Autoclacity pot when used built-in items can not be too much unit volume within the contents of each bottle of the medium can not be too much At the same time, attention should be paid to the different tolerable temperature of the contents The total exposure time is best not to exceed The daily work record of the autoclave pot should contain the following information: material for autoclave, start time, pressure temperature, removal time, color change of autoclave tape daily commonly used sterile culture instead of the temperature fluctuation range of the autoclave pot: and The autoclave pot calibration cycle is generally half a year , drying tank temperature control The daily work record of the dry sterilizing tank shall include the following information: the time of start, the time when the sterilization temperature is reached, the time of removal or the time of closure The temperature calibration of the dryster tank is carried out with a reference thermometer The temperature requirements and accuracy of the drying tank are: The former is sterilizing the latter The calibration time of the dryster tank is generally one year Control of distilled water for distilled water for the preparation of the medium: regular lysing ion exchangers and replacement ion exchange materials according to equipment instructions Testing requirements: The Western European standard is the number of specific conductivity bacteria of distilled water for microbial testing The standard we use on a daily basis is that there are no bacterial indicators Detection frequency: second monthly Distilled water fixed-point supply and do a good job of quality control record test results , balance management balance placement requirements: no vibration, no airflow effects and horizontal surface Balances should have a record of use and operation checks The balance as a measurement instrument is included in the scope of national mandatory verification generally the following year for verification The operating inspection frequency is calibrated according to the operating plan or by the standard weight units given by the product balance manufacturer, and the standard liquid is applied before use Buffer use validity period: about a month about a month electrode sensitivity test and polar recovery The control of the purification workbench level flow purification work bench work area requires a level of cleanliness Air deposition bacteria several dishes Vertical flow to purify several dishes of workbench bacteria Purification workbench running check frequency: the following month is mainly bacteria subsidence detection The efficient filtration film of the purification workbench is generally replaced once a year and the particle and bacterial deposition detection is carried out simultaneously Control of UV lamps Detection methods: instrument test and biological testing The former is a special instrument to detect the uv light intensity emitted by the UV lamp The national disinfection technical specifications indicate that the intensity required at no distance of irradiation is required Biotesting method: the use of a certain amount of bacteria culture by a certain proportion of diluted bacteria control in a coated plate in a coating plate under ultraviolet light at the same time set the control group of ordinary light source after-set c to calculate its killing rate Requires a kill rate The control microscope shall develop the daily maintenance records and self-school records of the work instructions Microscopes should be placed in a vibration-free environment that avoids dust and moisture Control of other special instruments for microbial detection The normal function of the normal function of the positive control in the work of the bacteria identification instrument, enzyme marker and other equipment The verification of the instrument shall be carried out according to the relevant department or according to the instruction s/he s/he sits on the operation of the school Documentation of the instrument's usage registration, calibration plan, calibration records, etc The instrument is used by a person, the operator should obtain the corresponding job training qualified certificate on duty Fourth, the media quality control correctly carry out the media quality control and as a regular work to establish complete inspection data is the laboratory through the corresponding level of certification in the future throughout the inspection quality control system must be the documentation Existing basis: The Ministry of Health issued the annual food inspection with dry media production quality control But the standard is not perfect Quality control of commonly used media Inspection items and methods: the identification of dry media physics, chemical and biological indicators of the new batch number: the degree of sensory appearance study and the transparency impurities before and after color dissolution, etc.: the determination of the requirements of various mediums of distilled water should be in between Biological indicators check the detection of the size and characteristics of the corresponding bacterial growth rate of the detected medium Growth rate test: applicable with liquid and solid medium: the bacteria culture liquid with physiological saline to do double than dilution to take the appropriate dilution for flat counting or inoculation of the tested medium test tube at the same time to the relevant medium national standard formulation freshly formulated medium for comparison Not low with Colony size test: There is no statistical difference between the average diameter of the scratch separation test bacteria taking a colony to measure the diameter of the diameter and the freshly formulated medium , commonly used medium quality standards appearance and physical and chemical standards: dry powder color: light yellow powder or the color of this culture kit dissolved culture tone color: clear and transparent agar containing agar except pale yellow or unique color after sterilization of the medium: s.C for a number of individual Vibrio test with a medium value high for: Medium preservation environment, medium preservation environment made of medium preservation environment for the refrigerator made of flat- and then with a plastic bag package device refrigerator to store dry medium dry powder containing active substances, heat easy to decompose substances should carefully look at the storage conditions most also must be placed in the conditions of storage Some media are easily stored in the condition of c If a medium containing a high concentration of bile salts The instrument equipment used in the preparation of the medium preparation and control procedure of the medium medium must be identified accordingly Appliances and containers used in the preparation of the medium and containers for the preparation of the medium of the equipment must be clean or sterilized some special not easy to wash clean glassware if necessary can be used potassium chromium sulfate clean soaked and then soaked in sodium hydroxide solution for several minutes and then with hydrochloric acid solution for medium and then rinse dissoned with water after drying spare Quality control of raw material reagents for medium preparation The medium is not suitable for long release, especially sugar fermentation tube, because the medium absorbs carbon dioxide from the air will cause the medium to change acid and thus affect the growth of bacteria Inhibitors and indicators in the medium must be accurateweighing inhibitors to pay attention to reasonable matching Quality control of the main raw materials of the medium is the main raw materials of the preparation of the medium are protein, beef dip paste, yeast dip paste, bile salt, inorganic salt and agar, which have a direct impact on the quality of the medium will also affect the quality of the test Indicators are sensory, physical, physical, and biological V Testing quality assurance Regular use of certified standard substances and secondary standard substance reference substances for internal quality control Inter-laboratory comparison or capability verification uses the same or different methods for repeated testing of retained samples Six, microbial test quality control method, colony count precision control direct count Select the same specimen requires the inspector to carry out colony counting The colony counting experiment was performed by selecting the appropriate dilution of e coli bacteria or calibrated tablets by suitable gradient dilution The colonies were counted by the culture of the scales of the .C Colony counting precision control repeat counting method, repeat counting requires that the same flat dish repeat counting error is less than the same flat dish between the experimenters repeat counting error , the relative error between the same gradient parallel plus sample smaller than the same gradient between the experimenters between the same gradient between the final error of the colony count of different gradients range is less than, the species identification of the quality control of the species of the bacteria according to the relevant methods and indicators of the biochemical and biochemical Identification quality evaluation: the identification procedure is correct to determine whether the method is correct specific operation technology proficiency results report is correct Each item is set up with a score The total score is a score The recommended frequency of internal quality control, colony count precision control: the next month bacteria identification control: the next half-year or annual blind sample determination of the loss of the control of the second half of the second half seven, laboratory safety protection, training and inform laboratory managers and experimenters must understand the relevant work related to the risks This is especially important when recruiting new workers, starting to change jobs, or using new methods to enable new equipment All staff, including cleaning and service personnel, should be aware Oral and written notification is required The instrument must have written instructions for its safe use Signs The population of the room where the pathogenic microorganisms are working must have a warning sign Laboratory rooms must be equipped in a manner that allows for microbial-related hazards to be allowed to limit the spread of microorganisms The room should also facilitate cleaning and removal of contamination workbench, which must be made of smooth, disinfectant-resistant materials Difficult-to-clean corners, elbows and pipes should be avoided as much as possible , prevent air pollution When dust can be amplified into the air which can cause allergic reactions or other problems for staff, it is important to design an exhaust device to include the pumping point near the balance Usually weighing should be carried out in accordance with the correct safety procedures Toxic hazardprotection Thick acids and alkalis and other corrosive chemicals and toxic substances must be specially kept as locked as possible to minimize the damage caused by the laboratory All chemicals used in the laboratory must have a product list that records their hazards and possible limitations in operation Within the required limits the staff must use human protective gear protective clothing, gloves to use safety facilities is contaminated by the duties of the laboratory personnel must be removed as soon as possible The treatment of pollution and waste must have written instructions on how the sputtering microbial contamination should be eliminated In addition, the disposal of waste, such as used petri dishes and broken glassware, should have a fixed procedure The risk of microbial infection by autoclave washes before washing all washed items can be avoided as much as possible.