How is pathogenic E. coli removed from the intestines?

Biotechnology Channel News: Urinary tract infections (urinary tract infections, UTI) are one of the most common infections, and even with treatment, they often relapse again and again.
UTE is caused by the spread of E. coli, which lives harmlessly in the intestines, into the urinary tract.
however, when released through feces, the bacteria can spread to the urine junction and even up to the bladder, where they can cause problems.
conventional view is that UTA often relapses because the bacterial population from the intestines containing pathogenic bacteria is constantly replanted in the urinary tract.
In a new study, Dr. Scott J. Hultgren, a professor of molecular biology at the University of Washington's St. Louis School of Medicine, and his team concluded that if they were able to reduce the number of dangerous E. coli bacteria in the gut, they might reduce the risk of UTE and possibly prevent some recurrent infections.
, the researchers identified the genes needed for E. coli to survive in the intestines.
a set of gene-coded bacterial hairs, the hair-like appendages on the surface of E. coli, which allow the bacteria to attach to tissues like molecular vicose.
the lack of this hair, these bacteria can not thrive in the intestines.
early studies have found that the identified bacterial hair adheres to the glucosaccharide found on the surface of the bladder.
the bacteria's hair uses attached glyphosate to bind tightly to the glycemic receptosis on the surface of the bladder, allowing the bacteria to avoid being washed away when a person urinates.
bacteria that lack this hair can't cause UUTI in mice.
Prior to this, Hultgren and co-author Dr. James W. Janetka, an associate professor of biochemistry and molecular biophysics at the University of Washington, chemically modified glycosaccharides to produce a class of molecules called glycosides, which, although similar to glucosaccharides, can be used by these bacteria to bind more tightly to glycosides.
unlike the glucosin receptors, these glucosines do not attach to the bladder wall, so these bacteria cling to glucosine instead of glucosin receptors and can be washed away by urine.
The researchers found that the same hairs also allowed the bacteria to bind to the intestines, they concluded that glucosine therapy could reduce the number of E. coli bacteria in the large intestine, potentially preventing them from spreading to the bladder.
to test this view, they imported pathogenic E. coli strains into the bladder and intestines of mice to reflect what was observed in the human body.
in women with UUTI, the same bacteria that cause bladder problems are often found to live in the intestines.
the researchers asked the mice to take three doses of glucoside orally, and then measured the number of bacteria in the bladder and intestines after receiving the last dose of glycoside.
they found that these pathogenic bacteria disappeared almost entirely in the bladder, and that their number in the intestines decreased 100-fold, from 100 million bacteria per sample to 1 million per sample.
We can't completely remove this bacterial strain from the gut, these results are promising," said Caitlin Spaulding, lead author of the paper.
reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria in the gut means fewer bacteria are able to enter the urinary tract and cause UTE.
the hairs studied by the researchers were also found in most E. coli strains and some related bacterial species.
in theory, glucoside therapy can cause other bacteria with the same hairs living in the gut to be washed away by urine, almost as much as antibiotic treatment kills the target bacteria and the bacteria on the sidelines.
remove harmless bacteria potentially frees up room for more dangerous bacterial growth in the gut.
this can lead to intestinal disorders, which is one of the known risks of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.
the paper's co-author, Dr. Jeffrey I. Gordon, a professor at the University of Washington's St. Louis School of Medicine, the researchers measured the composition of the gut microbiome after glucosine therapy.
they found that glucosine therapy had the least effect on other gut bacteria than the bacteria that cause most UTEs.
contrasts sharply with the large-scale changes in abundance of many bacterial species observed after antibiotic treatment.
Discovery is exciting because we have developed a drug that works like a molecular surgical knife," said Spaulding, a researcher at the University of New China.
it specific to remove the target bacteria you want to remove, while keeping the remaining bacteria in the microbiome intact.
, since glycoside is not an antibiotic, it may potentially be used to treat UTRI caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.
the differences in urinary tract structure and behavior between mice and women were challenged to use mouse tests to reduce the bacterial load in the gut to really reduce the number of recurrent UTI occurrences.
to answer this question, human studies are needed.
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