How to prevent the contamination of the bacteria.

In the production of cultured species to always pay attention to prevent the contamination of the hybrid bacteria to prevent the main once the root treatment is not easyTherefore, the whole seeding process must be carried out under sterile conditionsVaccination kits and all separations, inoculation utensils, utensils should be strictly disinfected and sterilizedStaff members' hands should be cleaned with disinfectant and worn detoxified work clothes, hats and masks to be agile, accurate and as far as possible not to speak and walk around to prevent stray infections in the airThe choice of mushroom early, strong life force of the first tide mushroom when separating the mother seed is the key because it has a strong life force after the rapid occupation of the position of no hybrid invasion opportunityThe causes of contaminated bacteria are generally caused by incomplete sterilization or due to sterile operation during vaccination, the bottle cap is not suitableTherefore, sterilization must be thoroughly best in the vaccination gerination will be the medium set around the temperature box to do the effect of checking after days do not long hybrid swindle instructions thoroughly can be used in the vaccination process must be strictly sterile operationAnother reason for contaminating the hybrid strains may be to contract the hybrid bacteria when separating the mother species because the mushroom surface bacteria disinfection is not thoroughly through the tissue block to bring the bacteria into the cultureIn short, many pollution opportunities should pay attention to environmental disinfection according to sterile operating procedures thoroughly sterilizing layer control ring ring to pay close attention to improve the quality of bacteriaFirst, seed belt bacteria and its prevention and control due to seed bacteria and the incidence of bacteria is not high, but it is one of the important reasons for fermentation pre-fermentation bacteria is the key to the success or failure of fermentation production, so the detection of seed dye bacteria and the prevention and control of bacteria is very importantThe main reasons for seed belt bacteria are the preservation of oblique tube bacteria, the culture of medium and appliance sterilization is not thorough, seed transfer and vaccination process of bacteria, and seed culture involved in the equipment and device dye bacteriaFor the above-mentioned causes of the production of bacteria commonly used in the following measures to prevent and control(1) Strict control of the pollution of sterile chamber according to the requirements and characteristics of the production process to establish the corresponding sterile chamber alternately using various sterilization means to treat the sterile chamberIn addition to commonly used ultraviolet sterilization, such as the discovery of sterile chamber has been more contaminated bacteria can be sterilized such as stone carbonate or tomycin, such as the discovery of sterile chamber has more mold can be sterilized if the contamination of the phage is usually treated with formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate and other sterilizing agents(2) In the preparation of seeds, sand pipe, slope, triangular bottle and shaker bottle are strictly managed to prevent the entry of bacteria from being contaminatedIn order to prevent the cotton plug of the seed storage tube should have a certain degree of tightness and a certain length of preservation temperature as far as possible to maintain relative stability should not have too much change(3) The culture of each seed should be subject to a rigorous aseptic examination to ensure that any first-grade seed is not infected with the bacteria before it can be used (4) Strict sterilization treatment of the seed culture medium or apparatus to ensure that the air in the pot is completely excluded before sterilizing the use of sterilizing pot, so as not to cause false pressure to cause the sterilization temperature to reach the predetermined value caused by sterilization not thoroughly and make the seed dye Second, air belt bacteria and its prevention and control of sterile air belt bacteria is one of the main reasons for fermentation of bacteria To eliminate sterile air tape bacteria, we must improve the air purification system from the air purification process and equipment design, the selection and filling of filter media, sterilization and management of filter media Strengthen the health management of the production environment to reduce the amount of air in the production environment the bacteria content of the correct selection of gas extraction outlets such as improve the position of the gas outlet or the front coarse filter to strengthen the pre-treatment before air compression, such as improving the cleanliness of air intake air compressor The design of a reasonable air pretreatment process to minimize the air in the production environment with oil, water to increase the air temperature into the filter to reduce the relative humidity of the air to keep the filter medium dry state to prevent the air cooler leakage to prevent cooling water from entering the air system Design and install reasonable air filters to prevent filter failure The selection of high efficiency filtration media in the filter sterilization to prevent the filter media from being overrun and cause a short circuit to avoid the filter media scorching or fire to prevent the filter medium from being unevenly filled and make the air short-circuit to ensure a certain density of media filling When the sudden stop in coming into the air to prevent the fermentation liquid reflux human air filter in the operation process to prevent the air pressure changes and rapid increase in flow rate Third, operational errors lead to bacteria dyeing and prevention generally thin medium is relatively easy to sterilize thoroughly and starchy raw materials in heating up too fast or uneven mixing when easy to clumps make the center of the block "clamped" steam is not easy to enter the hybrid killed but in the fermentation process these clumps will spread and cause dye bacteria Also because the culture of such as bran, soybean cake and other types of solids content is more splashed on the tank wall or tank on various stents easy to form these accumulations in the sterilization process due to slow heat transfer some of the hybrids are not easy to be killed once the sterilization operation is completed by cooling, stirring, inoculation and other operations containing the accumulation of bacteria will be returned to the culture liquid caused by dye Usually for the sterilization of starch yintons, the use of solid tank sterilization is better Generally before heating up by mixing uniform and adding a certain amount of amylase to liquefy the presence of large particles should first be sieveed to remove and then sterilized for bran, soybean cake and other types of solid content of the medium using the tank pre-ingredients and then transferred to the fermentation tank for solid tank sterilization is more effective Sterilization due to unreasonable operation of the air in the tank completely excluded caused the pressure gauge to show "false pressure" so that the temperature in the tank and the pressure gauge indicated the temperature of the non-corresponding medium and the temperature of the local space at the top of the tank does not meet the requirements of sterilization resulting in sterilization is not complete and dye Therefore, when sterilization heating up to open the exhaust valve so that steam can pass through and remove cold air from the tank generally avoid this type of bacteria The medium in the sterilization process is easy to produce foam foam inglision serious when the foam can rise to the top of the tank or even escape so that the foam top tank hybrids are easily hidden in the foam because the foam film and the air heat transfer difference inside the foam so that the temperature in the foam is lower than the sterilization temperature once the sterilization operation is completed and cooled, these foams will burst the mixture will be released into the media to cause bacteria Therefore, to strictly prevent foam rise as far as possible to add defoamer to prevent the production of a large number of foam The temperature of the medium sterilization and its duration in the continuous sterilization process must meet the requirements of sterilization, especially before the end of sterilization the last part of the medium should also be good to ensure thorough sterilization To avoid excessive fluctuations in steam pressure, it is best to use dynamic temperature to strictly control the temperature process of sterilization In the fermentation process, automatic control instruments are gradually used Such as composite glass electrodes for continuous determination and control of fermentation fluid values, probes to determine dissolved oxygen concentration, such as these probes or components such as steam sterilization not only easy to damage but also due to repeated high temperatures and greatly shorten their service life Therefore, chemical reagent immersion and other methods are generally used to sterilize However, often due to sterilization does not completely release human fermentation tank after the dyeing four, equipment leakage or "dead end" caused by the dyeing of bacteria and its prevention and control equipment leakage mainly refers to fermentation tanks, sugar filling tanks, cooling coils, pipe valves due to chemical corrosion fermentation metabolism caused by organic acids corrosion, electrochemical corrosion such as oxygen dissolved in water so that the metal constantly lost electron sesame corrosion effect, erosion of such as metal and raw materials between the sediment strain, production and other minor damage Due to operation, equipment structure, installation and other human factors caused by the barrier and other reasons so that the steam can not effectively reach the predetermined sterilization site can not achieve the purpose of complete sterilization Production is often referred to as "dead ends" of these areas that cannot be completely sterilized A coil is a serpentine metal tube used for cooling or heating through cooling water or steam during fermentation Because of the presence of cooling water temperature in the temperature difference, the rapid change of external sterilization temperature or the low value of fermentation liquid, chemical corrosion serious and other reasons so that the metal coil is damaged, so the coil is one of the most prone to leakage of the components leakage after the cooling water with bacteria into the tank caused to dye bacteria Production can take careful cleaning to check leakage leakage timely timely treatment to eliminate pollution Air distribution tubeist generally installed near the area of the stirring blade by stirring and ventilation is greatly easy to abrasive perforation caused by the "dead end" to produce bacteria In particular, the use of ring air distribution pipe due to inconsistent air flow rate in the tube near the air inlet at the maximum flow rate from the inlet distance from the smaller the flow rate so far away from the inlet of the pipeline is often blocked by activated carbon in the air filter or certain substances in the medium is most likely to produce "dead ends" and dye bacteria Usually take frequent changeof air distribution tube or careful washing and other measures Fermentation tanks are prone to local chemical corrosion or abrasion swelled leakage The components in the tank such as bezels, escalators, mixing shaft levers, couplings, cooling tubes and other supports, thermometer casing welding, etc around easy to accumulate dirt to form a "dead end" and dye bacteria It is an effective measure to eliminate the contamination of bacteria by painting the inner wall of the tank with anti-corrosion coating, strengthening cleaning and regularly removing dirt Poor production of fermentation tanks such as stainless steel lining welding quality is not good so that stainless steel and carbon steel between the air between the presence of stainless steel and carbon steel between the sterilized heating due to stainless steel, carbon steel and air of the expansion coefficient of the three different stainless steel will be seriously raised fermentation liquid through cracks into the human sandwich, resulting in "dead-end" infection The use of stainless steel or composite steel can effectively overcome this disadvantage At the same time, the fermentation tank head of the manhole, exhaust pipe interface, lighting mouth, mirror port, feed pipe port, pressure gauge interface is also the potential factor sesame caused by the "dead end" generally through the installation of side valve to thoroughly sterilize and pay attention to cleaning is to avoid the contamination In addition, the bottom of the fermentation tank often has the solids in the medium to form a hard block of these hard blocks hidden dirt and a certain degree of insulation so that hidden in the dirt, bacteria can not be killed in sterilization time and dying bacteria by strengthening tank cleaning, appropriate reduction of the position of the paddle mixing can reduce the tank bottom scale to reduce the bacteria The improper repair and welding position of the fermentation tank will also leave a "dead end" and dye the bacteria The installation of the pipeline or the configuration of the pipeline is unreasonable and easy to form a "dead-end" bacteria In the fermentation process and fermentation tank connected to many lines such as air, steam, water, materials, exhaust, sewage pipes and other general lines to prevent microbial contamination requirements for vaccination, sampling, replenishment and refueling pipelines generally require the configuration of a separate sterilization system can be in the fermentation tank sterilization or fermentation process for individual sterilization The principle of pipeline configuration in the fermentation plant is to make the tank and the related lines sterilised with steam, which ensures that the steam reaches all the sites that need to be sterilized In the actual production process in order to reduce the pipe often put some pipes together on a total pipeline, such as a number of fermentation tank exhaust pipe swells in a total exhaust pipe in use will produce collusion, mutual interference with one tank dye bacteria will often affect other tanks caused by other fermentation tank chain dye bacteria is not conducive to the prevention and treatment of bacteria The use of separate exhaust, drainage and sewage pipes can effectively prevent contamination Most of the lines in the production fermentation process are made by flange seindes but often occur such as washer size is not matched, flange uneven, installation is not medium, flange and pipe welding is not good, heat unevenly makes flange warp and seal surface inequality to form a "dead end" and dye bacteria Therefore, the processing, welding and installation of flanges to meet the requirements of sterilization must make the pipes at the junctions smooth, smooth, well-sealed gaskets of the inner diameter and flange internal diameter matching installation time alignment center or even as little as possible or cancel the connection flange and other measures to avoid and reduce the pipeline appear "dead end" and dye bacteria Leaks in pipe parts can easily cause bacteria In fact, the leakage of pipe parts mainly refers to the valve leakage on the current production of the valve can not fully meet the fermentation engineering process requirements is one of the main reasons for fermentation dye bacteria The use of high processing accuracy, good material valves can reduce the occurrence of such bacteria V The rescue and treatment of hybrid pollution The fermentation process shall be saved or treated according to the type of contaminated microorganism, the time of infection or the degree of harm of the bacteria, etc Seed culture phase dye treatment Once the seed is found to be contaminated by the bacteria The seed can no longer be fermented in a human fermentation tank should be sterilized and discarded and the seed tank, pipe, etc are carefully examined and thoroughly sterilized At the same time, the backup seed selection normal growth of non-infected bacteria seed catcher fermentation tank to continue fermentation production If there is no spare seed, the fermentation solution in an appropriate bacterial-ageing fermentation tank can be selected as a seed "reverse" treatment and fermented in a fresh medium to ensure the normal production of fermentation Treatment of pre-fermentation bacteria When the pre-fermentation bacteria, such as the carbon in the medium, nitrogen source content is still relatively high, the termination of fermentation will be heated to the specified temperature for re-sterilization treatment and then followed by human seeds fermentation if at this time the contamination has caused greater harm in the medium carbon, nitrogen source consumption has been more can be released some of the liquid to re-sterilize the fresh medium after sterilization Cooling culture, adjusting value, adjusting the amount of supplement, supplementing the medium and other measures can be taken to deal with Fermentation medium and late dye treatment fermentation, late-stage bacteria or pre-fermentation mild lying bacteria found later can be added to appropriate fungicides or antibiotics and normal fermentation liquid to inhibit the growth rate of the bacteria can also be taken to reduce the culture temperature, reduce ventilation, stop stirring, a small amount of sugar supplement and other measures to deal with Of course, if the fermentation process of the product metabolism has reached a certain level at this time the content of the product if reached a certain value as long as it is clear that the bacteria can also be put in the tank For fermentation liquid with no extraction value, it should be heated above c before being discarded and kept before discharge After dyeing the bacteria to the equipment after the treatment of the fermentation tank before re-use must be after the tank to thoroughly clean the empty tank heating sterilization to above the degree C, can not be used It can also be used to fumigate formaldehyde or formaldehyde solution soaked above.