In-depth analysis of the ancient genomes of the Lombartines, who ruled Italy for more than 200 years

Title: Understanding 6th-century barbarian social organization and migration through paleogenomics
Journal:
Johannes Krause, David Caramelli, Patrick J. Geary and Krishna R. Veeramah et al.
published: 2018/09/11
Digital Identification Code: 10.1038/s41467-018-06024-4
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Nature-Communications A recent study
provides an in-depth analysis of the ancient DNA of European barbarians.
568 A.D., the Lombardos invaded Italy from Pannonia (now western Hungary) and began more than 200 years of rule over much of Italy.
the 3rd and 10th centuries, Western Europe underwent great social and cultural changes, including the decline of the Western Roman Empire and the migration of barbarian communities throughout Europe. To date, however, direct evidence relating to the Barbarian community has been obtained only from archaeological sites and has been used to infer the lombardo's group identity, social structure and migration patterns. Although archaeologists have analyzed the lombardo migration patterns from two 6th- and 7th-century archaeological cemeteries in Panonia and Italy, which are consistent with the literature, there are still many unknowns about the social situation and mode of action of the Lombards.
johannes Krause of the Max Planck Institute for Human History in Germany and colleagues sequenced and analyzed the ancient genome DNA of 63 individuals excavated from two tombs, after the Szólád cemetery in Hungary and the Collegno cemetery in Italy were confirmed to be linked to the Lombardos.
The authors found that the arrangement of the cemeteries of Szólád revolves around a higher-status, male-dominated, kinship family of three, which also contains other men who may have some common middle/Nordic ancestry, while the Colregno tomb is more like a family cemetery that has been settled for generations. The authors found that both cemeteries were dominated by middle/Nordic ancestry, and there was evidence that families on both sides had genetic exchanges with individuals of Southern descent.
summary: Despiteies of research, much about the barbarian migrations that took place between the fourth and the sixthies in Europes hotly debated. To better understand this key era that marks the dawn of modern European societies, we obtained ancient genomic DNA from 63 samples from two cemeteries (from Hungary and Northern Italy) that have been previously associated with the Longobards, a barbarian people that ruled large parts of Italy for over 200 years after invading from Pannonia in 568 CE. Our dense cemetery-based sampling revealed that each cemetery was primarily organized around one large pedigree, suggesting that biological relationships played an important role in these early medieval societies. Moreover, we identified genetic structure in each cemetery involving at least two groups with different ancestry that were very distinct in terms of their funerary customs. Finally, our data are consistent with the proposed long-distance migration from Pannonia to Northern Italy.:
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