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Written byJia Yugeng
EditorWang Duoyu TypesettingShui Chengwen pregnancy (pregnancy) can be said to be a very extreme biological process
.
When a woman transitions to her role as a mother, she undergoes a number of unprecedented changes
physically, psychologically, and behaviorally.
During pregnancy, in order to ensure the smooth growth and delivery of the fetus, the level of circulating hormones such as estrogen and progesterone will increase significantly; Significant changes in the heart, blood, and respiratory systems, as well as changes in immune adaptation to the fetus
.
Past studies have found that these changes may lead to changes in female brain structure and function to initiate maternal behaviors, such as maternal-fetal attachment, physiological responses to infant signals, and mother-infant attachment
.
Extensive animal studies have shown that these impressive neuroplasticity changes persist long
after delivery.
However, the effects of pregnancy on the structure and function of human brain nerves are still poorly understood
.
On November 22, 2022, Dr.
Elseline Hoekzema of Leiden University in the Netherlands and others published a report entitled Nature Communications in the Nature sub-journal: Research paper on mapping the effects of pregnancy on resting state brain activity, white matter microstructure, neural metabolite concentrations and grey matter architecture.
The study comprehensively paints a comprehensive picture of a series of changes exhibited by the female brain during the transition to the role of mother, suggesting that pregnancy leads to selective and significant changes in neural structure and neural network organization, particularly affecting the default pattern network of the human brain, which may underlie the
shift in self-neural representations after becoming a mother.
The transition to motherhood is marked by a series of significant changes in neuroplasticity in the brains of adult females, usually involving brain volume, Neurogenesis and a decrease in glial cell density, which may be associated
with optimizing their postpartum behavior.
However, there is generally little research on human women's health and biology, and the effects of pregnancy, a unique process on the brain, have long been a virtually unexplored field
.
As early as December 2016, Dr.
Elseline Hoekzema et al.
published a research paper in Nature Neuroscience entitled: Pregnancy leads to long-lasting changes in human brain structure, which showed that The structure of the brains of women who are new mothers has undergone substantial changes, and the volume of gray matter (GM) involved in social cognitive regions is reduced, of course, this reduction in gray matter does not equal loss
of function.
In the new study, published in the journal Nature Communications, the team further investigated whether pregnancy is associated with
changes in brain activity, white matter microstructure, neurometabolite levels, and gray matter structure at rest 。 They used a comprehensive prospective cohort study in which 40 female participants participated in four longitudinal trials
in each of the four stages of preconception, third trimester, postpartum and postpartum.
To examine the effect of motherhood on the structure of gray matter in the brain, the researchers analyzed
the gray matter volume change map of women who were new mothers versus the gray matter volume change map of infertile women.
The results showed that there was no difference in gray matter volume between the two groups at baseline; However, when the gray matter volume changes at different stages were studied, there was a significant symmetrical pattern of difference between the two groups, and each woman who experienced the four stages experienced a decrease
in gray matter volume.
This is consistent with the team's previous findings, but they did not observe changes
in white matter structure.
To study the observed lasting effects of brain structure and function throughout the postpartum period, the researchers then examined neuroimaging data
from 28 of the women during the 1-year follow-up period postpartum.
When examining the changes in gray matter structure between the postpartum 1 year and the preconception baseline, they observed that the pattern of gray matter volume reduction was highly similar to that observed when comparing the early postpartum and preconception baselines, indicating that pregnancy-related brain changes were still evident
1 year postpartum.
However, when comparing early postpartum and late postpartum periods, they observed changes in gray matter volume in several groups, indicating that gray matter volume increased throughout the postpartum period and partially reversed to preconception levels
.
Consistent with the team's previous findings, a significant increase
in volume was observed in the hippocampal complex.
The team also found that pregnancy led to strong selective changes in neural structure and neural network organization, which were most pronounced in Default Mode Network (DMN
。 DMN is a group of connected brain regions
where the mother is most active at rest.
Anatomical and resting MRI data suggest that pregnancy is associated with structural and functional plasticity of DMN, suggesting that motherhood alters the baseline state
of the brain.
Previous studies have shown that DMN plays a key role in differentiating self from others, and its consistency changes are related to the degree to
which pregnant women distinguish the fetus from themselves.
The research team speculates that the pregnancy-related structures and functions observed in DMN alter the neural basis of the self, thus aiding the transition
of women to maternal roles and attention.
In addition, the research team found that DMN functional activity during pregnancy correlated
with measurements of mother-infant attachment in the late postpartum period.
Finally, the research team examined key biological and other factors
that drive the mechanisms of pregnancy-related brain changes.
They found that pregnancy hormones are the main factors that trigger and regulate pregnancy-related neuroplasticity, with estradiol playing the most significant role in the third trimester; It was not associated with
other factors such as stress and sleep.
However, the team said that endocrine may not represent the only factor regulating reproduction-related brain changes, and factors like exercise, nutrition, genetics, and environmental factors may also play a role
.
Together, these data provide key insights into the impact of motherhood on the brain and point to significant changes in brain structure and function that facilitate the process of
motherhood in pregnancy and postpartum.
This is essential
for establishing a new mother-infant relationship.
Link to the paper: style="letter-spacing: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;" _mstmutation="1" _istranslated="1">
Open reprint, welcome to forward to Moments and WeChat groups
EditorWang Duoyu TypesettingShui Chengwen pregnancy (pregnancy) can be said to be a very extreme biological process
.
When a woman transitions to her role as a mother, she undergoes a number of unprecedented changes
physically, psychologically, and behaviorally.
During pregnancy, in order to ensure the smooth growth and delivery of the fetus, the level of circulating hormones such as estrogen and progesterone will increase significantly; Significant changes in the heart, blood, and respiratory systems, as well as changes in immune adaptation to the fetus
.
Past studies have found that these changes may lead to changes in female brain structure and function to initiate maternal behaviors, such as maternal-fetal attachment, physiological responses to infant signals, and mother-infant attachment
.
Extensive animal studies have shown that these impressive neuroplasticity changes persist long
after delivery.
However, the effects of pregnancy on the structure and function of human brain nerves are still poorly understood
.
On November 22, 2022, Dr.
Elseline Hoekzema of Leiden University in the Netherlands and others published a report entitled Nature Communications in the Nature sub-journal: Research paper on mapping the effects of pregnancy on resting state brain activity, white matter microstructure, neural metabolite concentrations and grey matter architecture.
The study comprehensively paints a comprehensive picture of a series of changes exhibited by the female brain during the transition to the role of mother, suggesting that pregnancy leads to selective and significant changes in neural structure and neural network organization, particularly affecting the default pattern network of the human brain, which may underlie the
shift in self-neural representations after becoming a mother.
The transition to motherhood is marked by a series of significant changes in neuroplasticity in the brains of adult females, usually involving brain volume, Neurogenesis and a decrease in glial cell density, which may be associated
with optimizing their postpartum behavior.
However, there is generally little research on human women's health and biology, and the effects of pregnancy, a unique process on the brain, have long been a virtually unexplored field
.
As early as December 2016, Dr.
Elseline Hoekzema et al.
published a research paper in Nature Neuroscience entitled: Pregnancy leads to long-lasting changes in human brain structure, which showed that The structure of the brains of women who are new mothers has undergone substantial changes, and the volume of gray matter (GM) involved in social cognitive regions is reduced, of course, this reduction in gray matter does not equal loss
of function.
In the new study, published in the journal Nature Communications, the team further investigated whether pregnancy is associated with
changes in brain activity, white matter microstructure, neurometabolite levels, and gray matter structure at rest 。 They used a comprehensive prospective cohort study in which 40 female participants participated in four longitudinal trials
in each of the four stages of preconception, third trimester, postpartum and postpartum.
To examine the effect of motherhood on the structure of gray matter in the brain, the researchers analyzed
the gray matter volume change map of women who were new mothers versus the gray matter volume change map of infertile women.
The results showed that there was no difference in gray matter volume between the two groups at baseline; However, when the gray matter volume changes at different stages were studied, there was a significant symmetrical pattern of difference between the two groups, and each woman who experienced the four stages experienced a decrease
in gray matter volume.
This is consistent with the team's previous findings, but they did not observe changes
in white matter structure.
To study the observed lasting effects of brain structure and function throughout the postpartum period, the researchers then examined neuroimaging data
from 28 of the women during the 1-year follow-up period postpartum.
When examining the changes in gray matter structure between the postpartum 1 year and the preconception baseline, they observed that the pattern of gray matter volume reduction was highly similar to that observed when comparing the early postpartum and preconception baselines, indicating that pregnancy-related brain changes were still evident
1 year postpartum.
However, when comparing early postpartum and late postpartum periods, they observed changes in gray matter volume in several groups, indicating that gray matter volume increased throughout the postpartum period and partially reversed to preconception levels
.
Consistent with the team's previous findings, a significant increase
in volume was observed in the hippocampal complex.
The team also found that pregnancy led to strong selective changes in neural structure and neural network organization, which were most pronounced in Default Mode Network (DMN
。 DMN is a group of connected brain regions
where the mother is most active at rest.
Anatomical and resting MRI data suggest that pregnancy is associated with structural and functional plasticity of DMN, suggesting that motherhood alters the baseline state
of the brain.
Previous studies have shown that DMN plays a key role in differentiating self from others, and its consistency changes are related to the degree to
which pregnant women distinguish the fetus from themselves.
The research team speculates that the pregnancy-related structures and functions observed in DMN alter the neural basis of the self, thus aiding the transition
of women to maternal roles and attention.
In addition, the research team found that DMN functional activity during pregnancy correlated
with measurements of mother-infant attachment in the late postpartum period.
Finally, the research team examined key biological and other factors
that drive the mechanisms of pregnancy-related brain changes.
They found that pregnancy hormones are the main factors that trigger and regulate pregnancy-related neuroplasticity, with estradiol playing the most significant role in the third trimester; It was not associated with
other factors such as stress and sleep.
However, the team said that endocrine may not represent the only factor regulating reproduction-related brain changes, and factors like exercise, nutrition, genetics, and environmental factors may also play a role
.
Together, these data provide key insights into the impact of motherhood on the brain and point to significant changes in brain structure and function that facilitate the process of
motherhood in pregnancy and postpartum.
This is essential
for establishing a new mother-infant relationship.
Link to the paper: style="letter-spacing: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;" _mstmutation="1" _istranslated="1">
Open reprint, welcome to forward to Moments and WeChat groups
