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net/tag_762.
html" class="zdbq" title="Pepper related food information" target="_blank">Zanthoxylum bungeanum is one of the main condiments in China and an important economic crop.
It has the characteristics of low input, stable income, strong fragrance and long-lasting hemp flavor.
It is cultivated in most areas of China.
In order to fully understand the development of China's Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry chain and put forward suggestions for the development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry, the research team collected and verified relevant data by means of directional collection of production areas, network data inquiries, and on-site visits, and invited domestic experts in related industries to discuss with China.
A comprehensive foodmate.
net/tag_4556.
html" class="zdbq" title="Investigate relevant food information" target="_blank">investigation and analysis of the pepper industry was carried out .
As a characteristic agricultural product in my country, Zanthoxylum bungeanum plays an important role in agricultural efficiency, farmers' income, and industrial poverty alleviation.
2014-2019, China's pepper industry entered a rapid development period, the area increased by 30%, in particular more rapid development in poor areas; pepper dry goods consumption mainly due to the current fine foodmate.
net/tag_4769.
html" class="zdbq" title="Deep processing related food information" target="_blank">deep-processing products inadequate development, production has become saturated; pepper anniversary have a supply of 2018-2019 years, the acquisition of origin foodmate.
net/tag_2496.
html" class="zdbq" title="Price related food information" target="_blank">prices overall continue to decline, the market retail price declined slightly; foodmate.
net/tag_227.
html" class="zdbq" title="Export-related food information" target="_blank">exports continued to grow and maintain a trade surplus; expected to 2025, the size of pepper cultivation and production of stable, high-quality pepper Products and deep-processed products will increase, foodmate.
net/tag_4652.
html" class="zdbq" title="Family-related food information" target="_blank">household consumption will continue to grow, and exports will maintain a steady growth trend.
1.
Current development status of pepper industry
Current development status of pepper industry
(1) Production
1.
Widely distributed in the region.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum has a well-developed root system, does not require high soil environment, and is resistant to drought and barrenness.
It is planted in all regions of our country.
Summarizing the data of 25 domestic production areas, the planting area of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is 17.
284 million mu, of which the green Zanthoxylum bungeanum is mainly distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Chongqing and other provinces and cities.
The planting area is 10.
379 million mu, accounting for 60.
0%; the remaining production areas are red Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
Mainly, the planting area is 5.
936 million mu, accounting for 34.
3%.
Widely distributed in the region.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum has a well-developed root system, does not require high soil environment, and is resistant to drought and barrenness.
It is planted in all regions of our country.
Summarizing the data of 25 domestic production areas, the planting area of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is 17.
284 million mu, of which the green Zanthoxylum bungeanum is mainly distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Chongqing and other provinces and cities.
The planting area is 10.
379 million mu, accounting for 60.
0%; the remaining production areas are red Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
Mainly, the planting area is 5.
936 million mu, accounting for 34.
3%.
2.
Rapid growth in output.
According to collected data, from 2014 to 2018, the output of domestic pepper production areas increased from 289,000 tons to 374,000 tons, an increase of 29.
4%.
Among them, the production area in Chongqing increased the most, reaching 112.
7%, Ruicheng in Shanxi, Zhaotong in Yunnan, The growth rates in Longnan, Gansu were 64.
2%, 60.
8%, and 19.
4% respectively.
Rapid growth in output.
According to collected data, from 2014 to 2018, the output of domestic pepper production areas increased from 289,000 tons to 374,000 tons, an increase of 29.
4%.
Among them, the production area in Chongqing increased the most, reaching 112.
7%, Ruicheng in Shanxi, Zhaotong in Yunnan, The growth rates in Longnan, Gansu were 64.
2%, 60.
8%, and 19.
4% respectively.
3.
The business model is fixed.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum industrial park model: At present, two national-level industrial parks with Zanthoxylum bungeanum as the main industry have been created in China.
The first is the National Modern Agricultural Industrial Park in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City.
The total investment is 254 million yuan, the planting area is 229,000 mu, and the output is 120,000.
The total output value reached 6.
11 billion yuan; the second is the National Pepper Industry Demonstration Park in Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province, with a total investment of 5 billion yuan, a total planned area of 367 square kilometers, and more than 60 tenants in the lease area, covering an area of 18610 square meters.
Intensive business model: mainly "agricultural company + village collective economic organization + farmer" model, with clear division of responsibilities and profit distribution.
Agricultural companies make profits by providing technology and sales channels for pepper farmers; village collective economic organizations make profits by investing in shares and dividends; farmers make profits by planting pepper farmers.
Decentralized operation mode: mainly farmers rely on their own land or surrounding idle land to grow alone.
The production cost is small, the scale is small, and the risk is small.
At present, the scattered farming mode of farmers is still the majority in China.
The business model is fixed.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum industrial park model: At present, two national-level industrial parks with Zanthoxylum bungeanum as the main industry have been created in China.
The first is the National Modern Agricultural Industrial Park in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City.
The total investment is 254 million yuan, the planting area is 229,000 mu, and the output is 120,000.
The total output value reached 6.
11 billion yuan; the second is the National Pepper Industry Demonstration Park in Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province, with a total investment of 5 billion yuan, a total planned area of 367 square kilometers, and more than 60 tenants in the lease area, covering an area of 18610 square meters.
Intensive business model: mainly "agricultural company + village collective economic organization + farmer" model, with clear division of responsibilities and profit distribution.
Agricultural companies make profits by providing technology and sales channels for pepper farmers; village collective economic organizations make profits by investing in shares and dividends; farmers make profits by planting pepper farmers.
Decentralized operation mode: mainly farmers rely on their own land or surrounding idle land to grow alone.
The production cost is small, the scale is small, and the risk is small.
At present, the scattered farming mode of farmers is still the majority in China.
4.
Single dominant variety.
Pepper can be divided into red pepper and green pepper by color.
Red pepper mainly includes Dahongpao, Erhongpao, Xiaohongpao, Fengjiao, Fujiao and Meijiao.
Green pepper mainly includes bamboo leaf pepper, Jiuyeqing and Tengjiao varieties.
Divided by region, the southwest region is dominated by green pepper, and the area north of the Huaihe River in the Qinling Mountains is dominated by red pepper.
Single dominant variety.
Pepper can be divided into red pepper and green pepper by color.
Red pepper mainly includes Dahongpao, Erhongpao, Xiaohongpao, Fengjiao, Fujiao and Meijiao.
Green pepper mainly includes bamboo leaf pepper, Jiuyeqing and Tengjiao varieties.
Divided by region, the southwest region is dominated by green pepper, and the area north of the Huaihe River in the Qinling Mountains is dominated by red pepper.
(2) Consumption
1.
Huge consumption space.
The main consumers of pepper are catering markets, condiment processing companies, food companies and families.
In the condiment market, pepper is one of the main raw materials such as hot pot base and bean paste.
In the food industry, peppercorns are mainly used for spicy snack foods such as peculiar beans and delicious duck necks.
Pepper is also an essential condiment for family kitchens in Southwest, Northwest, North China, Central China, East China and other regions.
Huge consumption space.
The main consumers of pepper are catering markets, condiment processing companies, food companies and families.
In the condiment market, pepper is one of the main raw materials such as hot pot base and bean paste.
In the food industry, peppercorns are mainly used for spicy snack foods such as peculiar beans and delicious duck necks.
Pepper is also an essential condiment for family kitchens in Southwest, Northwest, North China, Central China, East China and other regions.
2.
Consumption growth is relatively fast.
The apparent consumption of Chinese pepper in 2019 was 276,400 tons, an increase of 4.
6% over 2018.
With the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for prickly ash shows a diversified trend.
According to data from Shanghai Huanmeng Investment Consulting Co.
, Ltd.
, the domestic annual demand reaches 420,000 tons, of which the southwest region accounts for 28.
7%.
Over 70% of the peppercorns in Japan and Southeast Asia are imported from my country.
Consumption growth is relatively fast.
The apparent consumption of Chinese pepper in 2019 was 276,400 tons, an increase of 4.
6% over 2018.
With the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for prickly ash shows a diversified trend.
According to data from Shanghai Huanmeng Investment Consulting Co.
, Ltd.
, the domestic annual demand reaches 420,000 tons, of which the southwest region accounts for 28.
7%.
Over 70% of the peppercorns in Japan and Southeast Asia are imported from my country.
(3) Processing and circulation
1.
Insufficient processing of sophisticated products.
Dried pepper occupies the main product of the pepper market.
In the green pepper product market, dried pepper, preserved flower pepper, pepper seasoning and deep-processed products accounted for 78%, 12%, 7%, and 3%, respectively.
Red pepper products are also dominated by conventional products such as dried pepper and pepper powder, while pepper oil and condiments account for a relatively small proportion.
In terms of processing methods, the primary processing of baking or drying is the main method, and there are few intensive processing methods.
Insufficient processing of sophisticated products.
Dried pepper occupies the main product of the pepper market.
In the green pepper product market, dried pepper, preserved flower pepper, pepper seasoning and deep-processed products accounted for 78%, 12%, 7%, and 3%, respectively.
Red pepper products are also dominated by conventional products such as dried pepper and pepper powder, while pepper oil and condiments account for a relatively small proportion.
In terms of processing methods, the primary processing of baking or drying is the main method, and there are few intensive processing methods.
2.
The circulation method is more traditional.
At present, all the domestic pepper production areas have basically established a pepper wholesale market, and pepper products are mainly sold through the pepper wholesale market, farmer's market, e-commerce platform and other channels.
Because agricultural products are restricted by factors such as storage and cold chain, Zanthoxylum bungeanum products are mainly circulated through wholesale and retail.
With the rise of e-commerce, Huajiao has gradually moved towards an online shopping model.
Currently, online sales account for about 10%.
The circulation method is more traditional.
At present, all the domestic pepper production areas have basically established a pepper wholesale market, and pepper products are mainly sold through the pepper wholesale market, farmer's market, e-commerce platform and other channels.
Because agricultural products are restricted by factors such as storage and cold chain, Zanthoxylum bungeanum products are mainly circulated through wholesale and retail.
With the rise of e-commerce, Huajiao has gradually moved towards an online shopping model.
Currently, online sales account for about 10%.
(4) Import and export
1.
Imports are small.
my country's prickly ash imports are relatively small, mainly from Asian countries such as India, Japan, and Vietnam.
In 2015, my country imported 231 tons of peppercorns, with an import value of 2.
35 million U.
S.
dollars; in 2019, the import volume was 355.
52 tons, with an import value of 3.
14 million U.
S.
dollars, an increase of 12.
35% and 13.
24% respectively over 2018.
Imports are small.
my country's prickly ash imports are relatively small, mainly from Asian countries such as India, Japan, and Vietnam.
In 2015, my country imported 231 tons of peppercorns, with an import value of 2.
35 million U.
S.
dollars; in 2019, the import volume was 355.
52 tons, with an import value of 3.
14 million U.
S.
dollars, an increase of 12.
35% and 13.
24% respectively over 2018.
2.
Large export volume.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a traditional export commodity in my country, which is mainly sold to countries and regions such as Japan, Thailand, the United States and Europe.
The annual export volume of domestic Zanthoxylum bungeanum products is more than 430 times the import volume.
In 2015, the export volume of Chinese peppercorns was 122,000 tons, and the export value was 1.
287 billion U.
S.
dollars; the export volume in 2019 was 153,900 tons and the export value was 1.
742 billion U.
S.
dollars, an increase of 6.
06% and 8.
04% respectively over 2018.
Large export volume.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a traditional export commodity in my country, which is mainly sold to countries and regions such as Japan, Thailand, the United States and Europe.
The annual export volume of domestic Zanthoxylum bungeanum products is more than 430 times the import volume.
In 2015, the export volume of Chinese peppercorns was 122,000 tons, and the export value was 1.
287 billion U.
S.
dollars; the export volume in 2019 was 153,900 tons and the export value was 1.
742 billion U.
S.
dollars, an increase of 6.
06% and 8.
04% respectively over 2018.
(5) Market price
1.
The market price is relatively stable.
Due to different varieties, regions, consumption, etc.
, the prices of Chinese prickly ash in the areas of production, wholesale, and retail are different, and the overall price is relatively stable.
The price of red pepper production area is high in Gansu, the price in Shaanxi, Sichuan, Henan and other places is in the middle, and the price in Shanxi is low; the price gap in the green pepper market is not big, and because of the early maturity of Chongqing Jiangjin green pepper, the price of green pepper in the surrounding green pepper market is relatively high.
Price has the function of "vane".
The market price is relatively stable.
Due to different varieties, regions, consumption, etc.
, the prices of Chinese prickly ash in the areas of production, wholesale, and retail are different, and the overall price is relatively stable.
The price of red pepper production area is high in Gansu, the price in Shaanxi, Sichuan, Henan and other places is in the middle, and the price in Shanxi is low; the price gap in the green pepper market is not big, and because of the early maturity of Chongqing Jiangjin green pepper, the price of green pepper in the surrounding green pepper market is relatively high.
Price has the function of "vane".
2.
The price difference in some production areas is large.
Since 2014, domestic pepper prices have generally shown an upward trend.
The price of Chongqing Jiangjin green pepper and fresh pepper fluctuated greatly.
In 2016, the price rose to 21 yuan per kilogram, and in 2019 it fell to 8.
6 yuan, a decrease of 31.
2% from 2018; the price of Sichuan Hanyuan green pepper and fresh pepper showed a balanced growth trend, 2017 There was a slight decrease in the year, and the price in 2019 increased by 47% compared to 2014; the price of dried pepper in the northern red pepper production area was quite different.
In 2019, the price in Wudu, Gansu was 140 yuan per kilogram, and the price in Ruicheng, Shanxi was 70 yuan.
The price difference in some production areas is large.
Since 2014, domestic pepper prices have generally shown an upward trend.
The price of Chongqing Jiangjin green pepper and fresh pepper fluctuated greatly.
In 2016, the price rose to 21 yuan per kilogram, and in 2019 it fell to 8.
6 yuan, a decrease of 31.
2% from 2018; the price of Sichuan Hanyuan green pepper and fresh pepper showed a balanced growth trend, 2017 There was a slight decrease in the year, and the price in 2019 increased by 47% compared to 2014; the price of dried pepper in the northern red pepper production area was quite different.
In 2019, the price in Wudu, Gansu was 140 yuan per kilogram, and the price in Ruicheng, Shanxi was 70 yuan.
3.
Reasons for price fluctuations vary.
The reasons for the decline in the price of fresh green prickly ash in Jiangjin, Chongqing in 2019.
On the one hand, the prickly ash wholesale market has the behavior of buyers to unite and jointly lower prices, and farmers are eager to sell due to storage conditions, resulting in low-price sales.
On the other hand, limited market demand and insufficient research and development of processed products have also led to price drops.
Reasons for price fluctuations vary.
The reasons for the decline in the price of fresh green prickly ash in Jiangjin, Chongqing in 2019.
On the one hand, the prickly ash wholesale market has the behavior of buyers to unite and jointly lower prices, and farmers are eager to sell due to storage conditions, resulting in low-price sales.
On the other hand, limited market demand and insufficient research and development of processed products have also led to price drops.
(6) Cost benefit
The main bodies of pepper production mainly include companies, cooperatives and farmers, etc.
, with different business models and different costs and benefits.
Taking green pepper as an example, the company's return rate is 10.
7% (net income/cost); the return rate of farmers' scattered planting is 49.
6%; the return rate of intensive operation is 38.
9%.
According to the production area data, the average cost of scattered planting per mu is 2722 yuan, and the average net income per mu is 2678 yuan based on the yield of 600 kilograms per mu and the unit price of 9 yuan/kg.
, with different business models and different costs and benefits.
Taking green pepper as an example, the company's return rate is 10.
7% (net income/cost); the return rate of farmers' scattered planting is 49.
6%; the return rate of intensive operation is 38.
9%.
According to the production area data, the average cost of scattered planting per mu is 2722 yuan, and the average net income per mu is 2678 yuan based on the yield of 600 kilograms per mu and the unit price of 9 yuan/kg.
2.
Prospects for the development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry
Prospects for the development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry
(1) The area growth rate will slow down.
Due to the rapid increase in the price of peppercorns in recent years, it has been popular among farmers in the main producing areas, and its area has increased rapidly.
According to data, from 2015 to 2019, the consumption of peppercorns increased by 4.
39% annually, and the output increased by 4.
92% annually.
The growth rate of output was higher than the growth rate of consumption.
Affected by the low degree of deep processing of prickly ash, the area growth rate will gradually slow down.
Due to the rapid increase in the price of peppercorns in recent years, it has been popular among farmers in the main producing areas, and its area has increased rapidly.
According to data, from 2015 to 2019, the consumption of peppercorns increased by 4.
39% annually, and the output increased by 4.
92% annually.
The growth rate of output was higher than the growth rate of consumption.
Affected by the low degree of deep processing of prickly ash, the area growth rate will gradually slow down.
(2) There is still room for growth in market demand.
From 2015 to 2019, the domestic consumption market demand for peppercorns increased by 3.
81% annually, and 95% was used for food.
According to the survey, about 400 million people in the country have the habit of eating peppercorns, and there is an increasing trend.
In the catering market, there are many hot pot chain brands, which will further stimulate the consumption demand of pepper, and there is still room for growth in the pepper market.
From 2015 to 2019, the domestic consumption market demand for peppercorns increased by 3.
81% annually, and 95% was used for food.
According to the survey, about 400 million people in the country have the habit of eating peppercorns, and there is an increasing trend.
In the catering market, there are many hot pot chain brands, which will further stimulate the consumption demand of pepper, and there is still room for growth in the pepper market.
(3) The proportion of household consumption will gradually increase.
Catering, household and processing account for 41.
24%, 29.
71%, and 29.
05% of the pepper consumer market respectively.
Brands and dishes commonly used in the catering market will have a demonstration effect and a leading effect on household consumption.
In addition, live broadcast on various e-commerce platforms promoted the proportion of household consumption of pepper.
It is estimated that household consumption of peppercorns will increase by 5% in the next 5 years.
Catering, household and processing account for 41.
24%, 29.
71%, and 29.
05% of the pepper consumer market respectively.
Brands and dishes commonly used in the catering market will have a demonstration effect and a leading effect on household consumption.
In addition, live broadcast on various e-commerce platforms promoted the proportion of household consumption of pepper.
It is estimated that household consumption of peppercorns will increase by 5% in the next 5 years.
(4) The number of intensively processed products will gradually increase.
In recent years, various domestic production areas have gradually realized the urgency of the research and development of deep-processed products of prickly ash.
The governments of most producing areas have made clear the direction and goals for the processing of prickly ash.
In the future, the intensive processing of prickly ash will focus on health care, biomedicine and daily chemical raw materials.
In terms of transformation, research on the ingredients and effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum will be more extensive, and sophisticated products will be more comprehensive.
In recent years, various domestic production areas have gradually realized the urgency of the research and development of deep-processed products of prickly ash.
The governments of most producing areas have made clear the direction and goals for the processing of prickly ash.
In the future, the intensive processing of prickly ash will focus on health care, biomedicine and daily chemical raw materials.
In terms of transformation, research on the ingredients and effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum will be more extensive, and sophisticated products will be more comprehensive.
3.
The development of characteristic industries in poverty-stricken areas
The development of characteristic industries in poverty-stricken areas
(1) Overall situation
The pepper industry has achieved remarkable results in promoting poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas.
Among the 88 contiguous poverty-stricken counties in Sichuan, 75 counties (cities, districts) are developing the pepper industry, accounting for 85.
2% of the poverty-stricken counties.
The planting area reached 3.
619 million mu, accounting for 73.
2% of the province’s Zanthoxylum bungeanum planted area; the output reached 53,000 tons, accounting for 63% of the province’s Zanthoxylum bungeanum output.
There are 10 poverty-stricken counties (districts) developing the pepper industry in Chongqing, accounting for 71.
4% of the total number of poverty-stricken counties in Chongqing.
Among them, Youyang County has a planting area of 266,000 mu, accounting for 17.
7% of the city.
Among the 88 contiguous poverty-stricken counties in Sichuan, 75 counties (cities, districts) are developing the pepper industry, accounting for 85.
2% of the poverty-stricken counties.
The planting area reached 3.
619 million mu, accounting for 73.
2% of the province’s Zanthoxylum bungeanum planted area; the output reached 53,000 tons, accounting for 63% of the province’s Zanthoxylum bungeanum output.
There are 10 poverty-stricken counties (districts) developing the pepper industry in Chongqing, accounting for 71.
4% of the total number of poverty-stricken counties in Chongqing.
Among them, Youyang County has a planting area of 266,000 mu, accounting for 17.
7% of the city.
(2) Main experience and practices
1.
Government full program service.
Jiangjin District of Chongqing City regards the prickly ash industry as the main industry for industrial poverty alleviation, uniformly donates prickly ash seedlings, and implements the industrial poverty alleviation technical instructor system in terms of technical guidance.
In terms of sales, give full play to the role of the "Yi Nong Information Agency", implement supporting policies, encourage site information personnel to purchase at home, and package and sell in a unified manner.
Government full program service.
Jiangjin District of Chongqing City regards the prickly ash industry as the main industry for industrial poverty alleviation, uniformly donates prickly ash seedlings, and implements the industrial poverty alleviation technical instructor system in terms of technical guidance.
In terms of sales, give full play to the role of the "Yi Nong Information Agency", implement supporting policies, encourage site information personnel to purchase at home, and package and sell in a unified manner.
2.
Cultivate new business entities.
Youyang County, Chongqing has 1 municipal-level leading enterprise with pepper as the leading industry, and 30 professional cooperatives.
It has explored the "Harmony Model" of company + farmer households, covering more than 2,300 poor households, and realizing the average household income in 2019 2800 yuan.
Cultivate new business entities.
Youyang County, Chongqing has 1 municipal-level leading enterprise with pepper as the leading industry, and 30 professional cooperatives.
It has explored the "Harmony Model" of company + farmer households, covering more than 2,300 poor households, and realizing the average household income in 2019 2800 yuan.
3.
Improve the marketing system.
Wudu District of Gansu Province established a district-level pepper association with a total of 21,000 members.
It has built and improved the market, realized the government's full supervision of the market order, and unblocked the market circulation channels.
At the same time, it has promoted the development of e-commerce, transformed from a traditional marketing model to a network marketing model, and broadened marketing channels.
Improve the marketing system.
Wudu District of Gansu Province established a district-level pepper association with a total of 21,000 members.
It has built and improved the market, realized the government's full supervision of the market order, and unblocked the market circulation channels.
At the same time, it has promoted the development of e-commerce, transformed from a traditional marketing model to a network marketing model, and broadened marketing channels.
4.
Problems and risks in industrial development
Problems and risks in industrial development
(1) Main issues
1.
Germplasm resources are chaotic, and there are not many dominant varieties.
At present, there is no uniform description standard and classification evaluation standard for Zanthoxylum bungeanum germplasm resources in China.
There are few prickly ash germplasm collections in the main producing areas of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and germplasm resource nurseries have not been established according to standards.
The names of Zanthoxylum bungeanum varieties vary from place to place, and there are problems such as different species with the same name and different names of the same species.
There is no specialized breeding institution, seedling breeding mostly adopts seed breeding, almost no grafting and tissue culture methods, and detoxification technology for seedling breeding is basically absent.
The varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the production area are uneven, severely degraded, and the dominant varieties are relatively single.
Germplasm resources are chaotic, and there are not many dominant varieties.
At present, there is no uniform description standard and classification evaluation standard for Zanthoxylum bungeanum germplasm resources in China.
There are few prickly ash germplasm collections in the main producing areas of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and germplasm resource nurseries have not been established according to standards.
The names of Zanthoxylum bungeanum varieties vary from place to place, and there are problems such as different species with the same name and different names of the same species.
There is no specialized breeding institution, seedling breeding mostly adopts seed breeding, almost no grafting and tissue culture methods, and detoxification technology for seedling breeding is basically absent.
The varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the production area are uneven, severely degraded, and the dominant varieties are relatively single.
2.
The management level is uneven and the infrastructure is weak.
There is a big difference in the yield level of various domestic pepper production areas.
The output of low-yield areas and high-yield areas has more than doubled, and the level of mechanization of pepper is relatively low.
In terms of management services, some production areas belong to the forestry department, and some belong to the agricultural and rural departments, and technical standards cannot be unified.
The infrastructure of the pepper production areas is generally weak, and the capacity of the pepper storage and refrigeration equipment and storage tanks is seriously insufficient, which restricts the development of the pepper industry to a certain extent.
The management level is uneven and the infrastructure is weak.
There is a big difference in the yield level of various domestic pepper production areas.
The output of low-yield areas and high-yield areas has more than doubled, and the level of mechanization of pepper is relatively low.
In terms of management services, some production areas belong to the forestry department, and some belong to the agricultural and rural departments, and technical standards cannot be unified.
The infrastructure of the pepper production areas is generally weak, and the capacity of the pepper storage and refrigeration equipment and storage tanks is seriously insufficient, which restricts the development of the pepper industry to a certain extent.
3.
Insufficient industrial chain and insufficient technological support.
At present, domestic research on the pepper industry mostly focuses on varieties, technologies, and simple machines, but is lacking in the field of intensive processing and research and development of high-end processing equipment.
The processing method of pepper is single, and the primary processing is mainly roasting and drying.
More than 70% of the processing enterprises are small and medium-sized enterprises, with poor equipment, low grades, few products, and weak intensive processing capabilities.
Insufficient industrial chain and insufficient technological support.
At present, domestic research on the pepper industry mostly focuses on varieties, technologies, and simple machines, but is lacking in the field of intensive processing and research and development of high-end processing equipment.
The processing method of pepper is single, and the primary processing is mainly roasting and drying.
More than 70% of the processing enterprises are small and medium-sized enterprises, with poor equipment, low grades, few products, and weak intensive processing capabilities.
(2) Risk analysis
1.
Market fluctuation risk.
At present, the area of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in various production areas has been expanding year by year, the production area has been increasing, and the technology has continued to mature, and the output has increased year by year.
While the area and output are increasing, the type of products has not been expanded and the consumer group has not increased, which will directly lead to the risk of market saturation, large price fluctuations and difficulty in product sales.
Market fluctuation risk.
At present, the area of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in various production areas has been expanding year by year, the production area has been increasing, and the technology has continued to mature, and the output has increased year by year.
While the area and output are increasing, the type of products has not been expanded and the consumer group has not increased, which will directly lead to the risk of market saturation, large price fluctuations and difficulty in product sales.
2.
The risk of brand loss.
The domestic pepper industry has gradually formed a pepper brand with the domain name as the main name.
The "Hancheng pepper" brand is valued at 21.
361 billion yuan, the "Jiangjin pepper" brand is valued at 1.
812 billion yuan, and the "Hanyuan pepper" brand is valued at 704 million yuan.
.
However, the dishonest business behavior of pepper farmers in some producing areas has seriously affected the reputation and market of the related pepper farmers.
The risk of brand loss.
The domestic pepper industry has gradually formed a pepper brand with the domain name as the main name.
The "Hancheng pepper" brand is valued at 21.
361 billion yuan, the "Jiangjin pepper" brand is valued at 1.
812 billion yuan, and the "Hanyuan pepper" brand is valued at 704 million yuan.
.
However, the dishonest business behavior of pepper farmers in some producing areas has seriously affected the reputation and market of the related pepper farmers.
3.
Pests and diseases increase the risk.
In recent years, the types and numbers of pests and diseases of Zanthoxylum bungeanum have increased, and the area of infestation has also continued to expand.
The main diseases are Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf fall disease and dry rot, and now they have developed into Zanthoxylum bungeanum dry rot, root rot, shoot blight, leaf rust, gum disease and rust.
Pests and diseases increase the risk.
In recent years, the types and numbers of pests and diseases of Zanthoxylum bungeanum have increased, and the area of infestation has also continued to expand.
The main diseases are Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf fall disease and dry rot, and now they have developed into Zanthoxylum bungeanum dry rot, root rot, shoot blight, leaf rust, gum disease and rust.
V.
Suggestions on Policy Measures
Suggestions on Policy Measures
(1) Carry out research on germplasm resources and promote the construction of prickly ash big data.
Carry out research on Zanthoxylum bungeanum germplasm resources and establish a cooperative sharing mechanism.
The first is to conduct a systematic investigation and exploration of the germplasm resources of national pepper varieties; the second is to establish a pepper laboratory to cultivate high-quality new varieties of pepper; the third is to establish provincial and municipal-level pepper experimental demonstration bases to screen out varieties suitable for various production areas.
Include the relevant data of the pepper industry into the legal scope of statistics, and authorize qualified production areas to collect relevant data of domestic pepper production areas, investigate consumer market needs and directions, conduct statistics and analysis on the pepper market data, and provide analysis reports.
Carry out research on Zanthoxylum bungeanum germplasm resources and establish a cooperative sharing mechanism.
The first is to conduct a systematic investigation and exploration of the germplasm resources of national pepper varieties; the second is to establish a pepper laboratory to cultivate high-quality new varieties of pepper; the third is to establish provincial and municipal-level pepper experimental demonstration bases to screen out varieties suitable for various production areas.
Include the relevant data of the pepper industry into the legal scope of statistics, and authorize qualified production areas to collect relevant data of domestic pepper production areas, investigate consumer market needs and directions, conduct statistics and analysis on the pepper market data, and provide analysis reports.
(2) Strengthen technology demonstration and promotion, and increase policy support.
Straighten out the prickly ash industry management service system, formulate and promulgate local industry standards for prickly ash.
Encourage enterprises to carry out research and development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum processing technology and equipment, and improve the mechanization and intelligence level of the whole Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry chain.
Construct a prickly ash industry consortium, explore and innovate the mechanism of interest linkage.
Set up a Zanthoxylum bungeanum natural disaster risk assessment agency to incorporate Zanthoxylum bungeanum disease and pest monitoring and control into the provincial forest pest control project.
Supporting the corresponding funds, encourage the construction of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum standard garden, increase infrastructure construction, and improve the service capacity of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum distribution chain.
Set up research topics around the entire industry chain of pepper, and encourage enterprises and scientific research institutions to cooperate and tackle technical problems.
Straighten out the prickly ash industry management service system, formulate and promulgate local industry standards for prickly ash.
Encourage enterprises to carry out research and development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum processing technology and equipment, and improve the mechanization and intelligence level of the whole Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry chain.
Construct a prickly ash industry consortium, explore and innovate the mechanism of interest linkage.
Set up a Zanthoxylum bungeanum natural disaster risk assessment agency to incorporate Zanthoxylum bungeanum disease and pest monitoring and control into the provincial forest pest control project.
Supporting the corresponding funds, encourage the construction of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum standard garden, increase infrastructure construction, and improve the service capacity of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum distribution chain.
Set up research topics around the entire industry chain of pepper, and encourage enterprises and scientific research institutions to cooperate and tackle technical problems.
(3) Expand in-depth product research and development, and build a regional brand of peppercorns.
Supporting research funds to carry out research on the contents of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and expand the products of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the fields of biomedicine, health care market, daily chemical raw materials, biological pesticides and feed.
Establish an innovation platform, strengthen scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges at home and abroad, and accelerate the training of professional and technical personnel.
Encourage leading enterprises and professional cooperatives to develop or introduce advanced technology and equipment to develop new and special products with pepper as the main raw material to form industrial clusters.
Clarify the development thinking of the local Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry and carry out Zanthoxylum bungeanum suitability evaluation.
The development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum area and output is not the only goal.
Set up a pepper quality monitoring agency, and carry out credit rating assessment of the pepper production, processing and circulation entities in the production area.
More efforts should be made to organize marketing activities such as the Zanthoxylum bungeanum trade fair and expo to expand the influence of local Zanthoxylum bungeanum and build a regional brand.
Supporting research funds to carry out research on the contents of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and expand the products of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the fields of biomedicine, health care market, daily chemical raw materials, biological pesticides and feed.
Establish an innovation platform, strengthen scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges at home and abroad, and accelerate the training of professional and technical personnel.
Encourage leading enterprises and professional cooperatives to develop or introduce advanced technology and equipment to develop new and special products with pepper as the main raw material to form industrial clusters.
Clarify the development thinking of the local Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry and carry out Zanthoxylum bungeanum suitability evaluation.
The development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum area and output is not the only goal.
Set up a pepper quality monitoring agency, and carry out credit rating assessment of the pepper production, processing and circulation entities in the production area.
More efforts should be made to organize marketing activities such as the Zanthoxylum bungeanum trade fair and expo to expand the influence of local Zanthoxylum bungeanum and build a regional brand.
Article sourceMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs website
