Ionization.

electrolyte dissolves in water or is melted by heat, releasing free-moving ions, which are called ionization. There are two conditions in which electrolyte ions are ionized: (
1) electrolytes of ions
compounds
(belonging to ion crystals), which are made up of positive and negative ions. These ions are arranged in space in a certain way and in a orderly manner by electrostic action. In solids, these ions cannot move freely and can only vibrate near their equilibrium positions, so solid ion crystals cannot conduct electricity at room temperature. When subjected to thermal melting, these ions move faster as the temperature increases, overcoming the gravitational pressure between ion charges to produce ions that move freely, so that the melted ion crystals can conduct electricity. When the ion crystal dissolves in water, the opposite orientation attracts under the role of water molecules, the gravity between positive and negative ions weakens, and finally the lattice is destroyed, and the positive and negative ions form hydration ions with water and enter the solution, becoming free-moving ions, so the aqueous solution of the ion compound can conduct electricity. (2) The electrolytes of co-priced compounds (belonging to molecular crystals), such as hydrogen chloride, acetic acid, etc., they do not contain ions, so whether solid or liquid, there are no free-moving ions. Ionation occurs only when they dissolve in water, under the role of water molecules, generating hydrate positive and hydrate negative ions that can move freely. For example, hydrogen chloride is completely ionized into hydrated hydrogen ions and hydrated chlorine ions in an aqueous solution. Under the role of water molecules, acetic acid molecules are only partially ionated, and most acetic acid molecules are still present in the solution in a molecular state. In addition to the above ionation, neutral gas molecules or atoms may lose some electrons in the event of collision of high-energy particles or irradiation of high-energy rays and become molecular ions or ions respectively.