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▎The editor of WuXi AppTec's content team has seen multiple mutations in the virus since the outbreak of the new crown epidemic more than a year ago.
Some of the key mutant strains are of particular concern due to their greater transmission.
On the other hand, the continuous advancement of global vaccination work has also made people pay more attention to the actual protective effects of vaccines.
Recently, the Journal of the American Medical Association published an important study, and the results of the neutralizing antibody response to four new coronavirus mutant strains showed that natural infection and vaccination can help prevent infection of the four virus strains, but the mRNA-1273 new coronavirus vaccine The serum neutralization activity brought by vaccination is much higher than the protection brought by previous infections.
Screenshot source: JAMA This research was led by a virologist at Emory University.
The research team obtained serum samples from three groups of people.
These subjects were: 20 adult patients diagnosed with new crown infection by nucleic acid testing, and were hospitalized, and samples were taken 5-19 days from the onset; average age 56.
6 years old; male Accounted for 50%; 20 adult patients diagnosed with new crown infection by nucleic acid testing, and are in the recovery period, sampling 32-94 days before the onset; average age 45 years old, male accounted for 55%; 14 Moderna new crown vaccine mRNA-1273 Participants in the phase 1 clinical trial were sampled 14 days after receiving two doses of 100-μg vaccine; the age range was 18-55 years old, and 43% were males.
The research is aimed at 4 virus strains, representing the virus strains and emerging mutant strains in the early stage of the epidemic: A.
1 lineage (nCoV/USA_WA1/2020), and the virus strain that was first circulating in Wuhan and the S protein used in the design of the mRNA-1273 vaccine Very similar, cloned from a virus strain that is still infectious.
B.
1 lineage (EHC-083E), its S protein contains the key D614G mutation.
The D614G mutation is one of the main epidemic strains that swept the world last year.
It was isolated from the patient's nasopharyngeal swab in March 2020.B.
1.
1.
7 (SARS-CoV-2/human/USA/CA_CDC_5574/2020), originally discovered in the UK at the end of 2020, has attracted attention due to increased transmission, and isolated from the patient’s nasopharyngeal swab in December 2020 .
N501Y, a non-naturally circulating virus strain, was modified from the laboratory and contains mutations in the key receptor binding domain of the S protein of multiple emerging mutant strains.
The mapping research team of WuXi AppTec's content team carried out a live virus neutralization experiment (FRNT) to detect neutralizing antibodies in samples-these antibodies can prevent the new coronavirus from infecting cells.
This method is considered to more accurately reflect the real status of the interaction between antibodies and viruses in human cells, and has higher requirements for the experimental environment, which needs to be carried out in a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory.
The index for evaluating the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies is FRNT50 geometric mean titer (GMT).
FRNT50 titer refers to the relative dilution of serum required to neutralize 50% of the virus.
The higher the FRNT50 titer, the more effective the serum is against a specific virus.
The experimental results showed that in 20 acutely infected persons, the FRNT50 titers of serum antibodies against A.
1 mutant strain, B.
1 mutant strain, B.
1.
1.
7 mutant strain and N501Y mutant strain were 186, 110, 116 and respectively.
141; There is no significant difference in neutralizing activity against different virus strains.
Among the 20 patients who recovered from infection, the FRNT50 titers of serum antibodies against A.
1 mutant strain, B.
1 mutant strain, B.
1.
1.
7 mutant strain and N501Y mutant strain were 168, 91, 145, and 145, respectively.
There is no significant difference in the neutralizing activity of different virus strains.
Among 14 mRNA-1273 vaccinators, the FRNT50 titers of serum antibodies against A.
1 mutant strain, B.
1 mutant strain, B.
1.
1.
7 mutant strain and N501Y mutant strain were 1709, 804, 965, and 994, respectively.
.
The neutralizing activity of the latter three mutant strains was significantly lower than that of the earlier mutant strain A.
1. ▲The neutralizing antibody response of the acutely infected (A), recovered from the infection (B) and vaccinated (C) against the 4 new coronavirus strains.
(Image source: Reference [1]) These data mean that, including B.
1.
1.
7 mutants, antibodies in naturally infected people or vaccinated people have a neutralizing effect on the four virus strains tested in the study.
These populations may not be threatened again by the B.
1.
1.
7 mutant strain.
But overall, the neutralizing antibody titer induced by vaccination is much higher.
At the same time, as other mutations appear, we should continue to monitor.
At present, the research team is continuing to study the ability of natural infection and vaccine-induced antibodies to neutralize other mutant strains.
New crown research related reading 3 NEJM articles on the same day: post-vaccination infection is a case, and the new crown vaccine is generally effective for medical staff.
"The Lancet" is heavy! 6.
9% of the Wuhan population is positive for the new crown antibody, 82% of them are asymptomatic, and 40% have long-term neutralizing antibodies.
What is the risk of secondary infection with the new crown? "Lancet" published the largest population study to date.
Are there many allergic reactions to the mRNA new crown vaccine? JAMA published data on the safety of vaccinations for over 60,000 people, reducing 92% of new crown infections and 94% of cases.
NEJM published data on Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines for 600,000 people in Israel.
Source: WuXi AppTec's content team drawing reference materials [1] Edara VV, et al.
, (2021).
Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants After Infection and Vaccination.
JAMA, DOI: 10.
1001/jama.
2021.
4388[2] Vaccine-induced antibodies still potent against more contagious SARS-CoV-2 variant.
Retrieved March 29, 2021, from https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-03-vaccine-induced-antibodies-potent-contagious-sars-cov-.
html Note: This article aims to introduce medical and health research progress, not treatment Program recommendation.
If you need guidance on treatment plans, please go to a regular hospital for treatment.
Some of the key mutant strains are of particular concern due to their greater transmission.
On the other hand, the continuous advancement of global vaccination work has also made people pay more attention to the actual protective effects of vaccines.
Recently, the Journal of the American Medical Association published an important study, and the results of the neutralizing antibody response to four new coronavirus mutant strains showed that natural infection and vaccination can help prevent infection of the four virus strains, but the mRNA-1273 new coronavirus vaccine The serum neutralization activity brought by vaccination is much higher than the protection brought by previous infections.
Screenshot source: JAMA This research was led by a virologist at Emory University.
The research team obtained serum samples from three groups of people.
These subjects were: 20 adult patients diagnosed with new crown infection by nucleic acid testing, and were hospitalized, and samples were taken 5-19 days from the onset; average age 56.
6 years old; male Accounted for 50%; 20 adult patients diagnosed with new crown infection by nucleic acid testing, and are in the recovery period, sampling 32-94 days before the onset; average age 45 years old, male accounted for 55%; 14 Moderna new crown vaccine mRNA-1273 Participants in the phase 1 clinical trial were sampled 14 days after receiving two doses of 100-μg vaccine; the age range was 18-55 years old, and 43% were males.
The research is aimed at 4 virus strains, representing the virus strains and emerging mutant strains in the early stage of the epidemic: A.
1 lineage (nCoV/USA_WA1/2020), and the virus strain that was first circulating in Wuhan and the S protein used in the design of the mRNA-1273 vaccine Very similar, cloned from a virus strain that is still infectious.
B.
1 lineage (EHC-083E), its S protein contains the key D614G mutation.
The D614G mutation is one of the main epidemic strains that swept the world last year.
It was isolated from the patient's nasopharyngeal swab in March 2020.B.
1.
1.
7 (SARS-CoV-2/human/USA/CA_CDC_5574/2020), originally discovered in the UK at the end of 2020, has attracted attention due to increased transmission, and isolated from the patient’s nasopharyngeal swab in December 2020 .
N501Y, a non-naturally circulating virus strain, was modified from the laboratory and contains mutations in the key receptor binding domain of the S protein of multiple emerging mutant strains.
The mapping research team of WuXi AppTec's content team carried out a live virus neutralization experiment (FRNT) to detect neutralizing antibodies in samples-these antibodies can prevent the new coronavirus from infecting cells.
This method is considered to more accurately reflect the real status of the interaction between antibodies and viruses in human cells, and has higher requirements for the experimental environment, which needs to be carried out in a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory.
The index for evaluating the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies is FRNT50 geometric mean titer (GMT).
FRNT50 titer refers to the relative dilution of serum required to neutralize 50% of the virus.
The higher the FRNT50 titer, the more effective the serum is against a specific virus.
The experimental results showed that in 20 acutely infected persons, the FRNT50 titers of serum antibodies against A.
1 mutant strain, B.
1 mutant strain, B.
1.
1.
7 mutant strain and N501Y mutant strain were 186, 110, 116 and respectively.
141; There is no significant difference in neutralizing activity against different virus strains.
Among the 20 patients who recovered from infection, the FRNT50 titers of serum antibodies against A.
1 mutant strain, B.
1 mutant strain, B.
1.
1.
7 mutant strain and N501Y mutant strain were 168, 91, 145, and 145, respectively.
There is no significant difference in the neutralizing activity of different virus strains.
Among 14 mRNA-1273 vaccinators, the FRNT50 titers of serum antibodies against A.
1 mutant strain, B.
1 mutant strain, B.
1.
1.
7 mutant strain and N501Y mutant strain were 1709, 804, 965, and 994, respectively.
.
The neutralizing activity of the latter three mutant strains was significantly lower than that of the earlier mutant strain A.
1. ▲The neutralizing antibody response of the acutely infected (A), recovered from the infection (B) and vaccinated (C) against the 4 new coronavirus strains.
(Image source: Reference [1]) These data mean that, including B.
1.
1.
7 mutants, antibodies in naturally infected people or vaccinated people have a neutralizing effect on the four virus strains tested in the study.
These populations may not be threatened again by the B.
1.
1.
7 mutant strain.
But overall, the neutralizing antibody titer induced by vaccination is much higher.
At the same time, as other mutations appear, we should continue to monitor.
At present, the research team is continuing to study the ability of natural infection and vaccine-induced antibodies to neutralize other mutant strains.
New crown research related reading 3 NEJM articles on the same day: post-vaccination infection is a case, and the new crown vaccine is generally effective for medical staff.
"The Lancet" is heavy! 6.
9% of the Wuhan population is positive for the new crown antibody, 82% of them are asymptomatic, and 40% have long-term neutralizing antibodies.
What is the risk of secondary infection with the new crown? "Lancet" published the largest population study to date.
Are there many allergic reactions to the mRNA new crown vaccine? JAMA published data on the safety of vaccinations for over 60,000 people, reducing 92% of new crown infections and 94% of cases.
NEJM published data on Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines for 600,000 people in Israel.
Source: WuXi AppTec's content team drawing reference materials [1] Edara VV, et al.
, (2021).
Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants After Infection and Vaccination.
JAMA, DOI: 10.
1001/jama.
2021.
4388[2] Vaccine-induced antibodies still potent against more contagious SARS-CoV-2 variant.
Retrieved March 29, 2021, from https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-03-vaccine-induced-antibodies-potent-contagious-sars-cov-.
html Note: This article aims to introduce medical and health research progress, not treatment Program recommendation.
If you need guidance on treatment plans, please go to a regular hospital for treatment.
